【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ling ball and carefully bowl it. Everyone else stands back and watches politely, murmuring encouragement. Everyone waits until the ball has reached the end of the alley（球場(chǎng)）and watches to see if it knocks down all the pins, or only some of them, or none of them. There is a pause, while everyone registers your score. Then, after everyone is sure that you have pletely finished your turn, the next person in line steps up to the same starting line, with a different ball. He doesn39。t return your ball, and he does not begin from where your ball stopped. And there is always a suitable pause between turns. There is no rush, no scramble for the ball. If you have been trained all your life to play one game, it is no simple matter to switch to another, even if you know the rules. Knowing the rules is not at all the same thing as playing the game.（1）The author makes all of the following arguments EXCEPT that _____. A.Japanesestyle conversations are like bowling.B.westernstyle conversations are like tennis or volleyballC.in Japanesestyle conversations, you must wait your turn to speakD.westernstyle conversations are longer than Japanesestyle conversations（2）The author39。s purpose in writhing this article is to _____. A.instructB.entertainC.jokeD.criticize（3）The main idea of the article is _______. A.people talk differently in Japan than in the WestB.it39。s important to take part in conversationsC.talking with someone from another country proves difficultD.it39。s rude to interrupt someone who is speaking【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者結(jié)合自己的切身經(jīng)歷談?wù)摿巳帐降恼勗?huà)和西式的談話(huà)的不同之處，由此告訴我們與來(lái)自另一個(gè)國(guó)家的人交談是困難的。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“A Japanesestyle conversation, however, is not at all like tennis or volleyball. It39。s like bowling. You wait for your turn.”可知，日式的談話(huà)不像打網(wǎng)球或排球，而像打保齡球，你需要等著輪到你，由此可知，日式的談話(huà)比西式的時(shí)間要長(zhǎng)，故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，作者結(jié)合自己的切身經(jīng)歷告訴我們?nèi)帐降恼勗?huà)和西式的談話(huà)的不同之處，由此可知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的就是為了給大家一些指導(dǎo)，注意與來(lái)自另一個(gè)國(guó)家的人交談時(shí)談話(huà)方式的差異，故選A。 （3）考查主旨大意。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，作者結(jié)合自己的切身經(jīng)歷談?wù)摿巳帐降恼勗?huà)和西式的談話(huà)的不同之處，由此告訴我們與來(lái)自另一個(gè)國(guó)家的人交談是困難的，故選C。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇人生感悟類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 Let us all raise a glass to AlphaGo and the advance of artificial intelligence. AlphaGo, DeepMind39。s Goplaying AI, just defeated the best Goplaying human, Lee Sedol. But as we drink to its success, we should also begin trying to understand what it means for the future. The number of possible moves in a game of Go is so huge that in order to win against a player like Lee. AlphaGo was designed to adopt a human—like style of gameplay by using a relatively recent developmentdeep learning. Deep learning uses large data sets, machine learning algorithms （計(jì)算程序） and deep neural networks to teach the AI how to perform a particular set of tasks. Rather than programming plex Go rules and strategies into AlphaGo DeepMind designers taught AlphaGo to play the game by feeding it data based on typical Go moves. Then, AlphaGo played against itself, tirelessly learning from its own mistakes and improving its gameplay over time. The results speak for themselves. Deep learning represents a shift in the relationship humans have with their technological creations. It results in AI that displays surprising and unpredictable behaviour. Commenting after his first loss, Lee described being shocked by an unconventional move he claimed no human would ever have made. Demis Hassabis, one of DeepMind39。s founders, echoed this ment:We39。re very pleased that AlphaGo played some quite surprising and beautiful moves. Unpredictability and surprises are—or can be—a good thing. They can indicate that a system is working well, perhaps better than the humans that came before it. Such is the case with AlphaGo. However, unpredictability also indicates a loss of human control. That Hassabis is surprised at his creation39。s behaviour suggests a lack of control in the design. And though some loss of control might be fine in the context of a game such as Go, it raises urgent questions elsewhere. How much and what kind of control should we give up to AI machines? How should we design appropriate human control into AI that requires us to give up some of that very control? Is there some AI that we should just not develop if it means any loss of human control? How much of a say should corporations, governments, experts or citizens have in these matters? These important questions, and many others like them, have emerged in response, but remain unanswered. They require human, not human like, solutions. So as we drink to the milestone in AI, let39。s also drink to the understanding that the time to answer deeply human questions about deep learning and AI is now.（1）What contributes most to the unconventional move of AlphaGo in the game? capability of selfimprovement. constant input of large data sets. installation of deep neutral networks. knowledge of Go rules and strategies.（2）A potential danger of Al is _____. loss of human control friendly relationship fierce petition lack of challenge（3）How should we deal with the unpredictability of AI? should stop AI machines from developing even further. should call on the government to solve these problems for us. should rely on ourselves and e up with effective solutions. should invent even more intelligent machines to solve everything.（4）What39。s the author39。s attitude towards this remarkable advance in AI? ....【答案】 （1）A（2）A（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者結(jié)合人工智能AlphaGo戰(zhàn)勝韓國(guó)棋手李世石的圍棋比賽展開(kāi)，闡述了AI的運(yùn)作原理以及作者的思考。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Then，AlphaGo played against itself, tirelessly learning from its own mistakes and improving its gameplay over time. The results speak for themselves.”可知，AI的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程是通過(guò)不斷和自己比賽，吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)獲得自我提高，故選A。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“However，unpredictability also indi