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解細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,進行分析推理,從而選出正確答案。3.閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從 36—55 各題所給的 A、B、C 和 D 項中,選出最佳選項。 Children with learning disabilities (LD) often have problems. For many, strong 1 of anger, shame, sadness, or disappointment can 2 psychological difficulties such as anxiety, depression or low selfesteem. These problems can be far more than the 3 challenges themselves. Several heading experts in the field of LD have offered suggestions on ways to help 4 children from these problems. To be most effective in supporting 5 , it can help to understand some primary 6 for the psychological and emotional challenges they may face. First, it is not difficult to see 7 children with LD are at greater risk for developing psychological difficulties if one considers the repeated failure they 8 . Although they make efforts to “try harder,” children with LD may receive little 9 feedback(反饋). Their academic struggles and failures are often met with 10 by teachers, peers and parents. Such disapproval can take the form of unpleasant labeling(標簽)of a child 11 “slow,” “l(fā)azy” or “dumb.” 12 developing a sense of pride in their acplishments, children with LD may 13 in disappointment and shame. Low selfesteem and a lack of confidence only 14 prevent learning and academic success. The second reason is the 15 difficulties they often experience. Research indicates that as many as 75% of kids with LD have such 16 as making and keeping friends. Children with LD are less 17 and often rejected by their peers. Teachers and other adults also may 18 to have negative views of them. Such social rejection can result in 19 of selfesteem and feelings of loneliness, which, 20 , may lead to psychological difficulties such as anxiety and depression.1. A. feelingsB. opinionsC. ideasD. attitudes2. A. getB. causeC. solveD. overe3. A. physicalB. mentalC. potentialD. academic4. A. previewB. protectC. removeD. separate5. A. childrenB. expertsC. teachersD. parents6. A. rulesB. waysC. reasonsD. directions7. A. whyB. whereC. whichD. when8. A. experienceB. practiseC. possessD. find9. A. timelyB. hopefulC. subjectiveD. positive10. A. courageB. sympathyC. disapprovalD. respect11. A. forB. asC. withD. to12. A. In favor ofB. Instead ofC. Because ofD. In terms of13. A. work outB. turn awayC. break offD. end up14. A. furtherB. hardlyC. evenD. slightly15. A. socialB. generalC. personalD. cultural16. A. mistakesB. valuesC. chancesD. difficulties17. A. controlledB. requestedC. submittedD. accepted18. A. tendB. meanC. preferD. pretend19. A. needB. prideC. lossD. awareness20. A. in generalB. in particularC. in totalD. in turn【答案】(1)A;(2)B;(3)D;(4)B;(5)A;(6)C;(7)A;(8)A;(9)D;(10)C;(11)B;(12)B;(13)D;(14)A;(15)A;(16)D;(17)D;(18)A;(19)C;(20)D; 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文,闡述了有讀寫障礙的學生遇到的很多困難.由于先天的讀寫障礙,他們的努力得不到老師、同學甚至家長的認可,受到同齡人的排擠,而這些使他們產(chǎn)生了焦慮、沮喪等心理障礙,嚴重缺乏自尊心與自信心。(1)考查名詞。A、feelings“情感,感覺”;B、opinions“觀點,建議”;C、ideas“主意”;D、attitudes“態(tài)度”。憤怒、羞愧、傷心、失望,這些都是情感,故選A。(2)考查動詞。A、get“得到,取”;B、cause“造成,引起”;C、solve“解決”;D、overe“克服”。這些強烈的情感會導致焦慮、沮喪等心理障礙,故選B。(3)考查形容詞。句意:他們所遇到的心理困難往往比學業(yè)方面的挑戰(zhàn)還大。A、physical“身體上的”;B、mental“精神上的”;C、potential“潛在的”;D、academic“學業(yè)上的”。本文談?wù)摰氖怯凶x寫障礙的孩子,故選D。(4)考查動詞。A、preview“預示,象征”;B、protect“保護”;C、remove“移除”;D、separate“分離”針對如何保護學生免受這些問題的困擾,學習障礙研究領(lǐng)域的一些一流的專家提出了一些建議。protect…from....,固定短語,保護......免受......的傷害,故選B。(5)考查名詞。A、children“孩子們”;B、experts“專家”;C、teachers“教師”;D、parents“父母”。上文提出了本文討論的對象:children with LD,為了在幫助孩子克服這些障礙時獲得最大的成效。故選A。(6)考查名詞。A、rules“規(guī)則,規(guī)定”;B、ways“方法”;C、reasons“理由”;D、directions“方向”。我們首先要弄清楚他們所面對的心理和情緒方面的困難與挑戰(zhàn)是由什么引起的.reason常與for搭配,表示…的原因,理由。下文The second reason也有暗示。故選C。(7)考查賓語從句。作者在此分析原因:首先,假如…那么我們就不難理解為什么有讀寫障礙的孩子更容易形成心理方面的障礙.這里用why引導賓語從句,表示為什么會出現(xiàn)這樣的情況。故選A。(8)考查動詞。A、experience“經(jīng)歷”;B、practise“練習”;C、possess“加工,處理”;D、find“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。假如我們考慮一下他們經(jīng)受的一次次的失敗。故選A。(9)考查形容詞。A、timely“及時的”;B、hopeful“有希望的,充滿希望的”;C、subjective“客觀的”;D、positive“積極的”。這些有讀寫障礙的孩子更努力地學習,但是他們的收效甚微.故選D。(10)考查名詞。A、courage“勇氣”;B、sympathy“同情”;C、disapproval“不贊成”;D、respect“尊重,尊敬”。這里敘述的是他們在學業(yè)方面面臨的挑戰(zhàn)與困難,他們的這些努力沒有帶來積極的收效,也不能得到老師、同齡人和父母的肯定.下一句中的disapproval是線索提示。故選C。(11)考查介詞。對這些孩子的努力所作出的責難,就是稱這些孩子遲鈍、懶惰、愚蠢。label用作動詞表示用標簽標明,(用稱呼或綽號不公正地)描述,把…稱為;label…as...,固定短語,把......稱作,把......說成是:故選B。(12)考查固定短語。句意:這樣一來,這些有讀寫障礙的孩子靠自己的成就換來的不是驕傲,而是失望和羞愧。instead of“代替,而不是”;in favor of“贊成,支持”;because of “因為,由于”;in terms of“依據(jù),從…方面來說”。故選B。(13)考查動詞短語。句意:這樣一來,這些有讀寫障礙的孩子靠自己的成就換來的不是驕傲,而是失望和羞愧。work out“計算出,鍛煉”;turn away“拒絕(某人)進入,轉(zhuǎn)過臉去”;break off“中斷,突然停止”;end up“以......結(jié)束”。故選D。(14)考查副詞。句意:這樣一來,孩子就會自尊心很弱,缺乏自信,這會進一步阻礙他們的學習.A、further“進一步”;B、hardly“幾乎不”;C、even“甚至”;D、slightl“輕微地”。故選A。(15)考查形容詞。A、social“社交的,社會的”;B、general“總的”;C、personal“個人的”;D、cultural“文化的”。下文提到這些孩子在結(jié)交朋友和維持友誼方面的情況.故選A。(16)考查名詞。A、mistakes“錯誤”;B、values“價值,價值觀”;C、chances“機會”;D、difficulties“困難”。全文探討的是有讀寫障礙的孩子遭遇的各種困難,前面一句說他們所經(jīng)歷的社交困難,此處舉出有困難的例子,故選D。(17)考查動詞。A、controlled“控制”;B、requested“請求”;C、submitted“遞呈”;D、accepted“接受”。上文說這些孩子很難結(jié)交朋友和維持友誼,下文說他們受到同齡人的排斥,因此選D。(18)考查動詞。句意:老師和其他成年人往往對他們的評價也不好。A、tend“照料”;B、mean“意味著”;C、prefer“更喜歡”;D、pretend“假裝”。tend to do sth.固定短語,往往傾向于做某事,易于做某事,故選A。(19)考查名詞。句意:這樣就會使他們喪失自尊,覺得孤獨。A、need“需要”;B、pride“自豪,驕傲”;C、loss“喪失,損失”;D、awarenes“意識”。故選C。(20)考查固定短語。句意:而這樣的情況轉(zhuǎn)而又使他們產(chǎn)生焦慮、沮喪等心理方面的問題。A、in general“總之”;B、in particular“特別”;C、in total“總共”;D、in turn“輪流,轉(zhuǎn)而”。故選D?!军c評】本題考點涉及動詞,名詞,形容詞,介詞,賓語從句,固定短語等多個知識點的考查,是一篇社會類閱讀,要求考生在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,進行分析推理,從而選出正確答案。4.閱讀下面短文。從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。 People usually get into a hard life and are unable to escape from themselves. There was once a