【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ice on how to succeed in basketball, but more importantly, in life，”可充分體現(xiàn)布萊恩教練helpful這一品質(zhì)，故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解What Cocktail Parties Teach Us You39。re at a party. Music is playing. Glasses are clinking. Dozens of conversations are driving up the decibel (分貝) level. Yet among all those distractions, you can tune your attention to just one voice from many. This ability is what researchers call the “cocktailparty effect”. Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that soundediting process occurs in the brain — in the auditory cortex (聽覺皮層) just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. The auditory cortex boosts some sounds and turns down others so that when the signal reaches the higher brain, “it39。s as if only one person was speaking alone,” says investigator Edward Chang. These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people aren39。t very good at multitasking — our brains are wired for “selective attention” and can focus on only one thing at a time. That inborn ability has helped humans survive in a world buzzing with visual and auditory stimulation (刺激). But we keep trying to push the limits with multitasking, sometimes with tragic (悲劇的) consequences. Drivers talking on cellphones, for example, are four times as likely to get into traffic accidents as those who aren39。t. Many of those accidents are due to “inattentional blindness”, in which people can, in effect, turn a blind eye to things they aren39。t focusing on. The more attention a task demands, the less attention we can pay to other things in our field of vision. Images land on our retinas (視網(wǎng)膜) and are either boosted or played down in the visual cortex before being passed to the brain, just as the auditory cortex filters sounds, as shown in the Nature study last week. “It39。s a pushpull relationship — the more we focus on one thing, the less we can focus on others,” says Diane M. Beck, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois. Studies over the past decade at the University of Utah show that drivers talking on handsfree cellphones are just as influenced as those on handsheld phones because it is the conversation, not the device, that is distracting their attention. Those talking on any kind of cellphone react more slowly and miss more traffic signals than other motorists. Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important — like police officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole. Many more think they can effectively multitask, but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either, experts say.（1）What have scientists in University of California found about “the cocktailparty effect”? A.Usually there is only one person who is speaking alone.B.All kinds of annoying sounds drive up the decibel level.C.The higher brain processes sounds and images selectively.D.Sounds are sorted out before reaching the higher brain.（2）What do we learn from the passage? A.We are biologically incapable of multitasking.B.We survive distractions in life by multitasking.C.We cannot multitask without extra attention.D.We benefit from pushing the limit with multitasking.（3）Which of the following is an example of inattentional blindness? A.A careless driver lost his eyesight after a car accident.B.Police scanned the crowds and located the criminal.C.A manager talked on a handsfree phone with his client.D.A pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbing(低頭).（4）The main purpose of the passage is to ______. A.pare and contrastB.inform and explainC.argue and discussD.examine and evaluate【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）D（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，講述的是“雞尾酒會效應”的啟示。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that soundediting process occurs in the brain—in the auditory cortex (聽覺皮層) just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. ”現(xiàn)在，加州大學舊金山分校（University of California in San Francisco）的科學家找到了這種聲音編輯過程在大腦中發(fā)生的位置──在耳朵后面的聽覺皮層，而不是大腦的高級思維區(qū)域?？芍?，在到達更高的大腦之前，聲音已經(jīng)被整理出來了，故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people aren39。t very good at multitaskingour brains are wired for ‘selective attention’ and can focus on only one thing at a time. ”這些上月發(fā)布在《自然》期刊上的研究結(jié)果強調(diào)了為何人們不是很擅長處理多任務(wù)──我們的大腦有“選擇性注意”機制，一次只能專注于一件事?？芍覀冊谏砩蠠o法同時處理多項任務(wù)。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Many of those accidents are due to ‘inattentional blindness’, in which people can, in effect, turn a blind eye to things they aren39。t focusing on.”可知，D項A pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbing.“一個行人因低頭族而發(fā)生車禍?！笔且粋€“inattentional blindness”的例子。故選D。（4）考查目的意圖。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important — like police officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole. Many more think they can effectively multitask, but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either, experts say. ”有人可以訓練自己對重要的事情付出格外的注意力──就像警察學習掃描人群的面孔，以及樂團指揮可以在整個樂團中聽到每件樂器的聲音。專家說，更多的人則是自以為可以有效地處理多任務(wù)，但他們其實是在兩件事之間迅速轉(zhuǎn)移注意力，而并沒有全身心地投入到其中任何一件事中?？芍疚牡哪康氖恰皺z查和評估”，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和目標意圖三個題型的考查，是一篇生活類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行討論推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 A car dealership in my hometown of Albuquerque was selling six to eight new cars a day. I was also told that 72 percent of this dealership39。s firsttime visitors returned for a second visit. I was curious. How does a car dealership get 72 percent of its firsttime visitors to return? And how can they sell six to eight cars a day in a declining car market? When I walked into Satur