【文章內容簡介】 pendent.D.There are occasional quarrels between parents and children.【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）B（4）C（5）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，“回巢族”子女在大學畢業(yè)后回到父母身邊生活對家庭是有好處的，他們會與父母建立更親密、更具支持性的關系，并增進兩代人之間的聯(lián)系。而這一發(fā)現(xiàn)與今年早些時候發(fā)表的一項研究結果相矛盾，該研究顯示，返鄉(xiāng)的成年子女會導致父母的生活質量和幸福感顯著下降。父母和孩子對于獨立的緊張情緒會導致父母和子女之間偶爾的爭吵。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“The findings disagree with the research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant worsening in their parents39。 quality of life and wellbeing.”這一發(fā)現(xiàn)與今年早些時候發(fā)表的一項研究結果不一致，早些的研究顯示，返鄉(xiāng)的成年子女會導致父母的生活質量和幸福感顯著惡化?？芍酝难芯匡@示，返鄉(xiāng)的成年子女會導致父母的生活質量和幸福感比之前更差，故選C。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“The findings disagree with the research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant worsening in their parents39。 quality of life and wellbeing. ”通過新舊研究對比，以往的研究表明，返鄉(xiāng)的成年子女會導致父母的生活質量和幸福感顯著下降。即可推理劃線部分單詞trigger意為“導致，致使”，與cause意義一致。故選A。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“The young adults taking part in the study were‘more positive than might have been expected’about moving back home – the shame is reduced as so many of their friends are in the same position, and they acknowledged the benefits of their parents39。 financial and emotional support.”參與這項研究的年輕人對于搬回家“比預期的更積極”——他們的羞愧感減少了，因為他們的許多朋友都處于同樣的處境，而且他們承認父母在經(jīng)濟和情感上的支持是有好處的。）可知，大學畢業(yè)生對回家的態(tài)度是積極的，很高興能夠回家，故選B。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“But they acknowledged that things were different for graduates today, who leave university with huge debts and fewer job opportunities.”但他們承認，如今的畢業(yè)生情況有所不同，他們畢業(yè)時背負著巨額債務，工作機會也更少。由此推斷出，孩子們很難找到一份滿意的工作，故選C。 （5）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的‘However’, the study says, ‘daytoday tensions about the prospects of achieving different dimensions of independence, which in a few extreme cases came close to conflict”可知對于實現(xiàn)不同層面獨立前景的日常緊張情緒，是大多數(shù)家長和略多于一半畢業(yè)生經(jīng)歷的特征。在少數(shù)極端情況下，這種緊張情緒接近沖突?？芍爻沧搴⒆蝇F(xiàn)象的副作用是在少數(shù)情況下，緊張情緒會導致父母和孩子之間偶爾發(fā)生爭吵。故選D。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解 Researchers have found bees can do basic mathematics, in a discovery that deepens our understanding of the relationship between brain size and brain power. Recently, A study conducted by researchers from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (減法). Solving math problems requires a plex level of involving the mental management of numbers, longterm rules and shortterm working memory. The finding that even the tiny brain of a honeybee can grasp basic mathematical operations has a possible effect on the future development of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in improving rapid learning. RMIT39。s Professor Adrian Dyer said numerical (數(shù)字的) operations like addition and subtraction are plex because they require two levels of processing. “You need to be able to hold the rules around adding and subtracting in your longterm memory, while mentally using skillfully a set of given numbers in your shortterm memory,” Dyer said. “On top of this, our bees also used their shortterm memories to solve arithmetic problems, as they learned to recognize plus or minus as abstract concepts.” The findings suggest that advanced numerical cognition (認知) may be found much more widely in nature among nonhuman animals than previously suspected. “If math doesn39。t require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both longterm rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,” said Dyer. Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more plex level of processing. Previous studies have shown some primates (靈長目動物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.（1）What have the researchers from RMIT University discovered? A.The relationship between brain size and brain power.B.Longterm rules and short term working memory.C.Bees can perform plex arithmetic operations.D.Bees can do basic mathematics.（2）According to Adrian Dyer, bees39。 numerical cognition ________. A.requires addition and subtraction two plex processingB.has a possible effect on the future development of AIC.only involves their shortterm working memoryD.calls for a lot of maths knowledge（3）What does the finding of the new research suggest? A.Bees can recogize the exact number.B.Arithmetic operations exist in human and bees.C.Numerical cognition has been found in many more species.D.Some primates, birds and even spiders can add and substract.（4）What can be the best title for the text? A.A Discovery About the Tiny Brain of BeesB.New Findings About Bees Having Numerical CogintionC.Numerical Cognition Requires a Complex Level of ProcessingD.The Relationship Between Brain Size and Brain Power【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，RMIT大學的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學。此前的研究表明，一些靈長類動物、鳥類、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。發(fā)表在《科學進展》(Science Advances)雜志上的這項新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (減法).”澳大利亞證明蜜蜂可以做加法和減法等算術運算?！笨芍?，RMIT大學 的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學。故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“If math doesn39。t require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both longterm rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,”如果數(shù)學不需要一個巨大的大腦，那么在設計中，我們也可能有新的方法來包括長期規(guī)則和工作記憶的互動，從而提高人工智能對新問題的快速學習，可知，Adrian Dyer認為，蜜蜂的數(shù)字認知對人工智能的未來發(fā)展可能有影響。故選B。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more plex level of processing.”許多物種都能理解數(shù)量之間的差異，并以此來尋找食物、做出決定和解決問題。但是數(shù)字認知，比如精確的數(shù)字和算術運算，需要更復雜的處理?？芍?，新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)說明了在更多的物種中發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字認知。故選C。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Previous studies have shown some primates (靈長目動物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.”此前的研究表明，一些靈長類動物、鳥類、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。發(fā)表在《科學進展》(Scie