【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 nd its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than billion tons have bee waste. And of that waste, a surprising billion tons never made it to a recycling binthe figure that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017. No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earth39。s last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jam beck a University of Georgia engineering professor, caught everyone39。s attention with a rough estimate between million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just e from coastal regions. Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋的）animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than onefifth of an inch across. This isn39。t a problem where we don39。t know what the solution is, says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage. We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. It39。s a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic. （1）Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in paragraph 1? A.To prove plastic was difficult to invent.B.To introduce what marine animals like eating.C.To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection.D.To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.（2）What39。s the main trouble marine animals face according to the text? A.Lacking protection.B.Being stuck by plastics.C.Being caught by humans.D.Treating plastics as food.（3）What does Ted Siegler want to tell us in the last paragraph? A.Some people don39。t know the solution of plastics waste.B.Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.C.It39。s time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.D.People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean.（4）From which is the text probably taken? A.A biology textbook.B.A travel brochure.C.An environmental report.D.A lifestyle magazine.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了塑料垃圾給海洋以及海洋生物帶來的危害。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later.”他們的塑料廢物很可能在四百年后仍會存在，可知 作者提到the Pilgrims是為了說明塑料廢物對海洋有持久的影響，故選D。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly.”一些明顯受到傷害，被塑料制成的廢棄物品卡住了?？赡苡懈嗟娜耸艿綗o形的傷害。可知選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It39。s a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”他說最好在海洋變成塑料湯之前建立一個必要的機構(gòu)和制度的問題，可推知選C。 （4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本題介紹了塑料垃圾給海洋以及海洋生物帶來的危害。是一篇環(huán)境保護類閱讀，因此選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解 Hacking isn39。t just for puters and smartphones, According to a study published last week in the journal Science, scientists have found a way to hack a plant39。s genes in order to make it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the amount of food produced around the world. Photosynthesis（光合作用）is the word used to describe how plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food. Scientists who conducted the new study say this is a very slow process. Plants use less than 1 percent of the energy available to therm. But by hacking a plant39。s genes, the scientists were able to increase the amount of leaf growth on plants between 14 and 20 percent. Specifically, scientists hacked the plant39。s protective system. Normally, this system is activated when a plant gets too much sunlight, said scientist Krishna Niyogi, coauthor of the study. When the plant senses the light, it gets rid of extra energy and creates more leaves. When the plant is in shade, the protective system is turned off, but the process is slow. Stephen Long is the lead author of the study. He pared a plant39。s protective system to lightadjusting glasses. When a person wears the glasses outside during the day, the lenses（鏡片）darken and lighten depending on how sunny it is. Plants do the same thing, he said. But in plants the adjustment can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour. This makes it hard for plants to get the right amount of sunlight needed to create food. The new study sped up the process. By changing the plant39。s genes, the protective system turned on and off more quickly than normal. As a result, leaf growth on the plants scientists used in the study increased. Leaf growth in two plants increased by 20 percent, while leaf growth on a third plant increased by 14 percent. Scientists conducted the study on tobacco plants. But they think the genetic changes will produce the same results in corn and rice. （1）What will happen to the plants when scientists change plants39。 genes？ A.They will bee weaker and weaker.B.They will grow fast to produce more food.C.They will have more beautiful flowers.D.They will depend less on sunlight.（2）Why does the author mention lightadjusting glasses？ A.To warn people of the hot and bright sun.B.To explain the principle of plants39。 protective system.C.To help leaves of the plants