【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 60。 The report found that, Since no single product or substance has been associated with the illness, persons should consider not using ecigarettes while this investigation is ongoing. Last November, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, reported that ecigarette use increased considerably among . middle and high school students during 2017—2018. Among high school students, it found ecigarette use rose from 220,000 students in 2011 to million in 2018. On Monday, the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA gave a warning to JUUL Labs, maker of the bestselling ecigarettes. The FDA accused the pany of illegally marketing its products as being safer than cigarettes without the agency39。s approval. In a statement, the FDA39。s acting missioner said that, JUUL has ignored the law, and has made some of these statements in school to our nation39。s youth. A JUUL spokesman said the pany is studying the FDA39。s ments and will fully cooperate.（1）Which of the following can best describe ecigarettes? ....（2）What change will be caused when smokers inhale ecigarettes containing THC? will be healthier. will lose weight. will feel excited. will be peaceful.（3）What information about JUUL Labs can we get from the last paragraph? became its main marketing targets. didn39。t agree on its way of promoting its products. pletely denied what it was accused of. were invented by it.（4）What can be the best title of the passage? No to cigarettes sharp rise of ecigarettes use among young people. ecigarettes are needed for health.—a potential killer.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，美國衛(wèi)生官員敦促人們停止使用電子煙，電子煙同人們的健康問題有關(guān)。并介紹電子煙是怎樣危害人們健康的。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“United States health officials are urging people to stop using electronic cigarettes, known as ecigarettes. The call to action came after such products were linked to health problems. Five deaths have also been reported.” 美國衛(wèi)生官員敦促人們停止使用電子煙。在這些產(chǎn)品被發(fā)現(xiàn)與健康問題有關(guān)后，呼吁采取行動(dòng)。另外報(bào)道有五人死亡。由此可推斷，電子煙不但影響人們健康，而且有可能是致命的，故選A。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Ecigarettes or similar devices also can provide THC or other substances to users. THC is the natural chemical present in marijuana(大麻) plants that gives users the mental state known as a ‘high’. ”電子煙或類似的設(shè)備也可以向使用者提供THC或其他物質(zhì)。THC是存在于大麻植物中的自然化學(xué)物質(zhì)，給予使用者一種“high”的心理狀態(tài)。這里的“high”指的是喝醉或者吸毒后的那種興奮的狀態(tài)，因此使用者吸入了含有THC的電子煙會(huì)感到興奮，故選C。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“On Monday, the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA gave a warning to JUUL Labs, maker of the bestselling ecigarettes. The FDA accused the pany of illegally marketing its products as being ‘safer than cigarettes’ without the agency39。s approval. ”周一，美國食品和藥物管理局(FDA)向暢銷電子煙的制造商JUUL Labs發(fā)出了警告。FDA指控該公司未經(jīng)FDA批準(zhǔn)，非法銷售其產(chǎn)品，稱其“比香煙更安全”。由此可知FDA不同意其銷售此產(chǎn)品，故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意。本文主要講述美國衛(wèi)生官員敦促人們停止使用電子煙，電子煙同人們的健康問題有關(guān)并介紹電子煙是怎樣危害人們健康的。中心思想強(qiáng)調(diào)的就是電子煙危害人們的健康。D選項(xiàng)Ecigarettes—a potential killer“電子煙—一個(gè)潛在的殺手”，符合本文中心思想，故選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇新聞報(bào)道，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 Sometimes, you just can39。t help it. Maybe you39。re watching a sad movie, or thinking about the friend who moved away. Next thing you know, you feel pressure in your throat, your eyes are watering, and you have tears running down your cheeks. According to Ad Vingerhoets, a professor of psychology at Tilburg University, in the Netherlands, who is one of the few scientists in the world who have studied crying, there are three types of tears. Basal tears are the first type. They act as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the World. Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them. Finally, there are emotional tears. These are released in response to emotional states, explains Vingerhoets. Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other. Humans are very plex social creatures, says Lauren Bylsma, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania. It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others, She says. Vingerhoets agrees, I think that the reason why humans shed tears（流眼淚）has something to do with our childhood, he says. that39。s the time when we are still dependent on adults for love and protection and care. The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person. Vingerhoets says this ability could have e in handy in prehistoric times, when humans were living among dangerous animals. Tears were a safer way to get attention. In this case, it is better to use a silent signal to ask for help, he says. Vingerhoets and Byhma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry. According to Byhma, there is still much more to discover. It39。s surprising, she says, how much we still don39。t know.（1）In the scientists39。 opinion, crying is ________. sign of human evolution result of human kindness cause of personal growth means of relying on each other（2）The underlined phrase this ability in the last paragraph refers to the ability to ________. help wisely tears at someone emotionally to other people（3）From the text, we learn that Ad Vingerhoets and Lauren Bylsma ________. different opinions about the causes of tears positively of the effects of tears working together to study tears learned enough about tears（4）What can be a suitable title for the text? types of tears ponents of tears science of tears opinions about tears【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，從科學(xué)的角度分析了哭的類型和哭的原因等內(nèi)容。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other”可知，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為哭與人類如何發(fā)展和學(xué)習(xí)彼此依靠有關(guān)系。故可知哭是人們互相依靠的一種方法，選D。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的“‘The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person.’ Vingerhoets says this ability could have e in handy in prehistoric times, when humans were living among dangerous animals. Tears were a safer way to get attention.Vingerhoets認(rèn)為淚水的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)就是你可以將淚水指向一個(gè)特定的目標(biāo)。這種能力在史前發(fā)揮了作用，當(dāng)時(shí)人們生活在危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物中。淚水是獲得注意的一種更安全的方式。由此可知，this ability指將淚水指向一個(gè)特定的目標(biāo)的能力，故選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Lauren Bylsma, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania. ‘It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others,’ She says. Vingerhoets agrees”可知，Lauren Bylsma和Vingerhoets都認(rèn)為淚水可以喚起別人的幫助和支持。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，他們都認(rèn)可淚水的積極作用。故選B。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)