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displacement of the ground. When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides, and occasionally volcanic activity.In its most general sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event — whether natural or caused by humans — that generates seismic waves.Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults, but also by other events such as volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear tests. Anearthquakes point of initial rupture is called its focus or hypocenter. The epicenter is the point at ground level directly above the hypocenter. (From Wikipedia ) lt。B3 Extratropical Cyclones(溫帶氣旋)Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called midlatitude cyclones, are a group of cyclones defined as synoptic scale low pressure weather systems that occur in the middle latitudes of the Earth (outside the tropics) not having tropical characteristics, and are connected with fronts and horizontal gradients in temperature and dewpoint otherwise known as baroclinic zones. As with tropical cyclones, they are known by different names in different regions. The most intense extratropical cyclones cause widespread disruption and damage to society.. Heat waves(熱季狂潮)A heat wave is a period of unusually and excessively hot weather. The worst heat wave in recent history was the European Heat Wave of 2003.A summer heat wave in Victoria, Australia, created conditions which fuelled the massive bushfires in 2009. Melbourne experienced three days in a row oftemperatures exceeding 40176。C (104176。F) with some regional areas sweltering through much higher temperatures. The bushfires, collectively known as Black Saturday, were partly the act of waves can occur in the ocean as well as on land with significant effects (often on a large scale). (From Wikipedia )lt。B4Nature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural, physical, or materialworld or universe. Nature refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. It r