【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 knowledge either actively or passively(被動(dòng)地). We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday munication with friends and co－workers.Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor(謠言)．Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are pared. Typically, the original message has changed.That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping(打上標(biāo)記)it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re－stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another。 and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.45．According to the passage, passive learning may occur in ______.A. doing a medical experimentB. solving a math problemC. visiting an exhibitionD. doing scientific reasoning46．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to ______.A. active learning B. knowledgeC. munication D. passive learning47．The author mentions the game Rumor to show that ______.A. a message may be changed when being passed on B. a message should be delivered in different waysC. people may have problems with their sense of hearingD. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor48．What can we infer from the passage?A. Active learning is less important.B. Passive learning may not be reliable.C. Active learning occurs more frequently.D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.[答案]本文是一篇議論文。我們可以通過直接的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、測試去證明某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)及推理獲得直接知識，也可以通過別人告知獲得間接知識。后一種知識是大量的，但也往往因多口相傳，以訛傳訛，造成與實(shí)際情況大相徑庭。45．C。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。由第一段可知C項(xiàng)為被動(dòng)獲取知識。46．D。詞義推斷題。雖然我們對于被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)是有條件的，但我們在日常與朋友和同事交流時(shí)依賴這種被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)并不讓人驚奇。47．A。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。從文章第四段最后一句可知，在這個(gè)游戲中最初的信息已經(jīng)改變，不是原來的內(nèi)容了。48．B。推理判斷題。本文用大量篇幅論證了被動(dòng)獲取信息往往與最初的信息不同，從而失去其可靠性。C(2009重慶)Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.Some sports are resource－h(huán)ungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses(球場) in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.There are many environment－friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes。 and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment－friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free.49．Which of the following is the author most probably in favor of?A. Cycling around a lake.B. Motor racing in the desert.C. Playing basketball in a gym.D. Swimming in a sports center.50．What do we know about golf from the passage?A. It is popular in Portugal and Spain.B. It causes water shortages around the world.C. It pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes.D. It needs water and electricity to keep its courses green.51．The author uses power walking as an example mainly because ______.A. it is an outdoor sportB. it improves our healthC. it uses fewer resourcesD. it is remended by experts52．The author writes the passage to ______.A. show us the function of major sportsB. encourage us to go in for green sportsC. discuss the major influence of popular sportsD. introduce different types of environment－friendly sports[答案]本文作者建議大家盡量少參加消耗能源太多的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，如打高爾夫球等，而應(yīng)該做一些節(jié)能環(huán)保型的運(yùn)動(dòng)。49．A。推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文作者主張大家參加一些環(huán)保的、節(jié)約能源的運(yùn)動(dòng)，如power walking等。由此可推知A項(xiàng)正確，即作者很可能會贊同環(huán)湖騎車這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，