【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ? I mean, itamp。39。s fascinating.
　　我也代理死刑犯的官司 死刑這件事很發(fā)人深省 我們從各種渠道了解到 (死刑的)根本問題是 人該不該為他們犯的罪行償命 這是個(gè)非常合理的問題 但是另一方面 問題是我們的自我定位 另一個(gè)想問題的方式 不是人們該不該為罪行償命 而是我們配不配殺他們 我是說，這個(gè)問題非常震撼
　　Death penalty in America is defined by error. For every nine people who have been executed, weamp。39。ve actually identified one innocent person whoamp。39。s been exonerated and released from death row. A kind of astonishing error rate one out of nine people innocent. I mean, itamp。39。s fascinating. In aviation, we would never let people fly on airplanes if for every nine planes that took off one would crash. But somehow we can insulate ourselves from this problem. Itamp。39。s not our problem. Itamp。39。s not our burden. Itamp。39。s not our struggle.
　　死刑在美國是常有差錯(cuò)的 每九個(gè)被判死刑的人 有一個(gè)后來會(huì)被證明無罪 被免死刑 這種錯(cuò)誤率。 九分之一的人完全無辜 我得說，非常震撼 學(xué)航空的人知道，如果每九架飛機(jī)里 會(huì)有一架出事故 我們肯定是不會(huì)讓這玩意兒載人飛的 但是莫名其妙地我們就能忽視死刑的問題 因?yàn)檫@不是我們自身的問題 這不是我們自身的麻煩 這不是我們自身的掙扎
　　I talk a lot about these issues. I talk about race and this question of whether we deserve to kill. And itamp。39。s interesting, when I teach my students about AfricanAmerican history, I tell them about slavery. I tell them about terrorism, the era that began at the end of reconstruction that went on to World War II. We donamp。39。t really know very much about it. But for AfricanAmericans in this country, that was an era defined by terror. In many munities, people had to worry about being lynched. They had to worry about being bombed. It was the threat of terror that shaped their lives. And these older people e up to me now and they say, amp。quot。Mr. Stevenson, you give talks, you make speeches, you tell people to stop saying weamp。39。re dealing with terrorism for the first time in our nationamp。39。s history after 9/11.amp。quot。 They tell me to say, amp。quot。No, tell them that we grew up with that.amp。quot。 And that era of terrorism, of course, was followed by segregation and decades of racial subordination and apartheid.
　　我談了很多問題 種族，還有 我們配不配執(zhí)行死刑 這很發(fā)人深省。當(dāng)我教美國黑人歷史的時(shí)候 我和學(xué)生講奴隸制 和他們講恐怖主義 那個(gè)始于大復(fù)興晚期 一直到二戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的時(shí)代 我們并不真的了解那段歷史 但是對于這個(gè)國家的黑人來說 那是個(gè)白色恐怖時(shí)代 在很多社區(qū)，人們害怕隨時(shí)會(huì)被私刑處死 人們擔(dān)心隨時(shí)會(huì)被炸彈襲擊 那個(gè)白色恐怖時(shí)代，改變了他們的生活 那時(shí)的人現(xiàn)在上了年紀(jì)，來和我說 “。史蒂文森先生，你到處演講 你得告訴大家 別說什么911以后是我們美國有史以來 第一次對付恐怖主義。”。 他們讓我說：”。我們就是在恐怖里長大的。”。 那個(gè)恐怖主義的時(shí)代，當(dāng)然了 最后演變成了無法逾越的鴻溝 數(shù)十年的種族歧視 和種族隔離
　　And yet, we have in this country this dynamic where we really donamp。39。t like to talk about our problems. We donamp。39。t like to talk about our history. And because of that, we really havenamp。39。t understood what itamp。39。s meant to do the things weamp。39。ve done historically. Weamp。39。re constantly running into each other. Weamp。39。re constantly creating tensions and conflicts. We have a hard time talking about race, and I believe itamp。39。s because we are unwilling to mit ourselves to a process of truth and reconciliation. In South Africa, people understood that we couldnamp。39。t overe apartheid without a mitment to truth and reconciliation. In Rwanda, even after the genocide, there was this mitment, but in this country we havenamp。39。t done that.
　　然而，我們這個(gè)國家 不喜歡討論存在的問題 我們不喜歡討論歷史 正因如此，我們不能真正理解 我們有史以來做了什么 我們不停地產(chǎn)生沖突 不停地制造緊張氣氛 我們沒法討論種族問題 我相信是因?yàn)槲覀儾辉敢庹?一系列的事實(shí)，不愿意達(dá)成和解 在南非，人們知道 我們不能忘記種族隔離 除非我們誠實(shí)面對，達(dá)成和解 在盧旺達(dá)，即使種族滅絕后，人們還是正視了 但是在美國我們不愿意這么干
　　I was giving some lectures in Germany about the death penalty. It was fascinating because one of the scholars stood up after the presentation and said, amp。quot。Well you know itamp。39。s deeply troubling to hear what youamp。39。re talking about.amp。quot。 He said, amp。quot。We donamp。39。t have the death penalty in Germany. And of course, we can never have the death penalty in Germany.amp。quot。 And the room got very quiet, and this woman said, amp。quot。Thereamp。39。s no way, with our history, we could ever engage in the systematic killing of human beings. It would be unconscionable for us to, in an intentional and deliberate way, set about executing people.amp。quot。 And I thought about that. What would it feel like to be living in a world where the nation state of Germany was executing people, especially if they were disproportionately Jewish? I couldnamp。39。t bear it. It would be unconscionable.
　　我也在德國談過死刑的問題 結(jié)果很絕妙 因?yàn)樵谥v談后有個(gè)學(xué)者站起來 說：”。你要知道， 聽你談這個(gè)很痛心?！?。 她說：”。我們德國沒有死刑。 當(dāng)然了，我們德國永遠(yuǎn)也不可能有死刑。”。 全場肅靜 這位女士說： “。因?yàn)槲覀兊臍v史， 我們永不可能決定 有系統(tǒng)地殺人。 公開化且下意識(shí)地 執(zhí)行死刑，對我們來說 是良心上無法接受的 我思考了這個(gè)問題 如果我整天 都看著德國人殺人 毫無道理地屠殺猶太人 我會(huì)有什么感受? 我無法忍受 那真是太不合理了
　　And yet, in this country, in the states of the Old South, we execute people where youamp。39。re 11 times more likely to get the death penalty if the victim is white than if the victim is black, 22 times more likely to get it if the defendant is black and the victim is white in the very states where there are buried in the ground the bodies of people who were lynched. And yet, there is this disconnect.
　　但是，在我們這個(gè)國家 在南方各州 我們真的在屠殺。 當(dāng)僅僅因?yàn)槭芎θ耸前兹硕皇呛谌?你被判死刑的機(jī)率上升十倍時(shí) 當(dāng)僅僅因?yàn)楸桓媸呛谌硕皇前兹?你被判死刑的機(jī)率上升二十一倍時(shí)。 在這些州，到處埋著 被私刑處死的人 可是，我們還是漠不關(guān)心
　　Well I believe that our identity is at risk. That when we actually donamp。39。t care about these difficult things, the positive and wonderful things are nonetheless implicated. We love innovation. We love technology. We love creativity. We love entertainment. But ultimately, those realities are shadowed by suffering, abuse, degradation, marginalization. And for me, it bees necessary to integrate the two. Because ultimately we are talking about a need to be more hopeful, more mitted, more dedicated to the basic challenges of living in a plex world. And for me that means spending time thinking and talking about the poor, the disadvantaged, those who will never get to TED. But thinking about them in a way that is integrated in our own lives.
　　我相信這說明我們有定位危機(jī) 當(dāng)我們對這些棘手的問題 置之不顧時(shí) 我們卻仍舊對那些正面的好事兒 一如既往地關(guān)心 我們愛極了革新 我們愛技術(shù)，我們愛創(chuàng)造 我們愛娛樂 但是最終 這些好的現(xiàn)實(shí) 都被痛苦煎熬， 濫用職權(quán)，剝奪人權(quán) 邊緣化，蒙上了陰影 對于我來說兩者合一 是必要的 因?yàn)樽罱K我們談的 是怎么更有希望 更有保障，更有貢獻(xiàn) 來應(yīng)付生活在這個(gè)復(fù)雜社會(huì)中的種種挑戰(zhàn) 對于我來說那需要 花時(shí)間思考和討論 窮人階層，弱勢群體 那些永遠(yuǎn)也沒機(jī)會(huì)來TED的人 不過想著他們其實(shí)在某種意義上 是把他們?nèi)诤线M(jìn)我們的生活里
　　You know ultimately, we all have to believe things we havenamp。39。t seen. We do. As rational as we are, as mitted to intellect as we are. Innovation, creativity, development es not from the ideas in our mind alone. They e from the ideas in our mind that are