【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ay
　　時間完全不會被身體限制住， 時間是和地景綁在一起的。對我來說，當我面向這邊， 時間就朝這個方向， 當我面向這邊，時間就朝這個方向。 面向這邊，時間就朝這個方向
　　very egocentric of me to have the direction of time chase me around every time I turn my body. For the Kuuk Thaayorre, time is locked on the landscape. Itamp。39。s a dramatically different way of thinking about time.
　　非常自我中心，每當我轉(zhuǎn)身， 也讓時間的方向跟著我轉(zhuǎn)。 對庫克薩優(yōu)里族， 時間和地景綁在一起。 這是非常不同的時間思考方式。
　　Hereamp。39。s another really smart human trait. Suppose I ask you how many penguins are there. Well, I bet I know how youamp。39。d solve that problem if you solved it. You went, amp。quot。One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight.amp。quot。
　　還有個很聰明的人類技倆。 如果我問各位，這里有幾只企鵝? 我打賭我知道各位是 如何解答這個問題的。 你會用：「一、二、三、 四、五、六、七、八?！?br />　　You counted them. You named each one with a number, and the last number you said was the number of penguins. This is a little trick that youamp。39。re taught to use as kids. You learn the number list and you learn how to apply it.
　　你用數(shù)的。 你給毎一只一個號碼， 你說出的最后一個號碼， 就是企鵝的數(shù)目。 這是個小計倆，你小時候 就有人教你用了。 你學到了數(shù)字表， 你學到了如何應用它。
　　A little linguistic trick. Well, some languages donamp。39。t do this, because some languages donamp。39。t have exact number words. Theyamp。39。re languages that donamp。39。t have a word like amp。quot。sevenamp。quot。 or a word like amp。quot。eight.amp。quot。
　　小小的語言計倆。 有些語言并不會這樣做， 因為有些語言并沒有代表數(shù)字的字。 這些語言并沒有像「七」這樣的字， 也沒有「八」。
　　In fact, people who speak these languages donamp。39。t count, and they have trouble keeping track of exact quantities. So, for example, if I ask you to match this number of penguins to the same number of ducks, you would be able to do that by counting.
　　事實上，說這些語言的人不會計數(shù)， 他們無法記得確實的「量」。 比如，如果我請各位 把剛才企鵝的數(shù)目 對應到同樣數(shù)目的鴨子， 你可以靠計數(shù)的方式做到。
　　But folks who donamp。39。t have that linguistic trait canamp。39。t do also differ in how they divide up the color spectrum the visual world. Some languages have lots of words for colors, some have only a couple words, amp。quot。lightamp。quot。 and amp。quot。dark.amp。quot。
　　但語言沒有這項特征的人就沒辦法。語言也有不同的方式來區(qū)別色譜── 視覺世界。 有些語言中有很多顏色的字， 有些語言只有幾個字， 「亮」和「暗」。
　　And languages differ in where they put boundaries between colors. So, for example, in English, thereamp。39。s a world for blue that covers all of the colors that you can see on the screen, but in Russian, there isnamp。39。t a single word.
　　不同語言也有不同的顏色界線。 比如，在英文中就有藍色的世界， 包含熒幕上的所有這些顏色， 但在俄語中，就沒有單一個字。
　　Instead, Russian speakers have to differentiate between light blue, amp。quot。goluboy,amp。quot。 and dark blue, amp。quot。siniy.amp。quot。 So Russians have this lifetime of experience of, in language, distinguishing these two colors.
　　說俄語的人，得要去區(qū)別 淺藍色「goluboy」， 和深藍色「siniy」。 所以俄國人一生當中都會在語言上 把這兩種顏色區(qū)別開來。
　　When we test peopleamp。39。s ability to perceptually discriminate these colors, what we find is that Russian speakers are faster across this linguistic boundary. Theyamp。39。re faster to be able to tell the difference between a light and dark blue.
　　當我們測試大家在感知上 區(qū)別這些顏色的能力時， 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在各語言中，說俄語的人 會比較快做出區(qū)隔。 他們比較快就能辨別出淺藍色 和深藍色的差異。
　　And when you look at peopleamp。39。s brains as theyamp。39。re looking at colors say you have colors shifting slowly from light to dark blue the brains of people who use different words for light and dark blue will give a surprised reaction as the colors shift from light to dark,
　　去觀察正在看著顏色的人的大腦── 比如顏色緩慢地從 淺藍色轉(zhuǎn)換到深藍色── 用不同的字來說淺藍色 和深藍色的人，他們的大腦 在顏色從淺藍色轉(zhuǎn)換到 深藍色時，會有驚訝的反應，
　　as if, amp。quot。Ooh, something has categorically changed,amp。quot。 whereas the brains of English speakers, for example, that donamp。39。t make this categorical distinction, donamp。39。t give that surprise, because nothing is categorically changing.
　　就像：「喔，改變類別了。」 而，比如說英文的人，他們的大腦 就不會做類別的區(qū)分， 就不會有驚訝， 因為沒有類別上的改變。
　　Languages have all kinds of structural quirks. This is one of my favorites. Lots of languages have grammatical gender。 every noun gets assigned a gender, often masculine or feminine. And these genders differ across languages.
　　語言有各種結(jié)構(gòu)上的變化。 這是我的最愛之一。 許多