【正文】 as follows: Terms such as uncle, aunt, grandpa, granny, sisters and brother are used as honorific titles for senior people or strangers. Native speakers of English would be puzzled if they are addressed in this way by people outside the immediate family. And also the kinship terms for both the paternal and maternal sides in Chinese culture are different. However, the English kinship terms, such as uncle, cousin, aunt, grandpa and 第 4 頁 共 24 頁 grandma have no difference between paternal and maternal sides. One of the most distinct features of Chinese kinship address forms is that patriarchal and nonpatriarchal clans are strictly distinguished, that is to say, various relationships are clearly reflected and not obscured with each other. For example, in China, 外 , a morpheme expressing nonpatriarchal clans, is usually used to address relatives on mother’s, sister’s or daughter’s side. According to Analytical Dictionary of Chinese Characters (說文解字 ), the original meaning of 外 in Chinese is far and away. The address customs, therefore, just adopted the extended meaning. Kinship terminology, in English, may be difficult to express because patriarchal and nonpatriarchal clans in addressing, order and position in the family are not classified clearly. The English kinship terms, such as uncle, cousin, aunt, grandpa and grandma have no differences between paternal and maternal sides. In china, terms such as uncle, aunt, grandpa, grandmother, sisters and brothers are used as honorific titles for senior people or strangers. And also the kinship terms for both the paternal and maternal sides in Chinese culture are different. Difference of Paternal and Maternal Kinship Terms Traditionally, China is a patriarchy society in its long history. Furthermore, Chinese moral principles focus on the Close and the Distant (親疏 ), the Inside and outside (內(nèi)外 ). Maternal relation is regarded as Distant (疏 ) and Outside (外 ), otherwise, paternal relation is regulated in the close (親 ) and the inside (內(nèi) ). People form other countries may feel confused and shocked about Chinese special manners and customs. An unbalanced phenomenon, therefore, widely exists in Chinese address forms: the words of male kinship are more delicate than those female ones. For example, father’s elder brother (伯伯 ), father’s little brother (叔父 ), the former’s wife (伯母 ), the latter’s wife (嬸嬸 )。 其次，詳細闡釋英漢在親屬稱謂上所存在的異同點，稱謂受社會地位高低﹑ 職業(yè) 、 性 別 、 年齡等反面的制約。 4）對英漢稱謂語中的性別歧視現(xiàn)象進行簡要 研究狀況 ，有助于我們避開禁忌，在跨文化交際中有助于我們發(fā)揮優(yōu)勢。作為言語交際活動中不可缺少的成分 ,它不僅反映交際雙方的諸多特征 ,如身份、年齡、職業(yè)等 ,同時也反映說話雙方彼此的關(guān)系 ,對對方的思想、情感、態(tài)度等 。 whereas mother’s elder or little brother has an only expression in Chinese address forms. And sisters on mother’s side and on father’s side are equally called 姑姑 or 阿姨 (no division of elder or younger), which proves another tradition of Chinese society: regarding men as superior to women from people’s inner heart and the whole society. 第 5 頁 共 24 頁 While in English, the difference about sex and paternal or maternal is not clear: uncle and aunt represent brother and sister of one’s mother and father, cousin represents 堂兄弟姐妹 and 表兄弟姐妹 . Kinship terms and usages are more plex than those in English culture. This phenomenon may be explained by the different concepts of family (家庭觀 ) and social background. Divisions by Elderyounger Relation and Seniority Order in the Clan Generally speaking, traditional Chinese society advocates the principle of all the members inhabiting together from generation to generation, bringing honor to their ancestors. For this reason, regulation of the patriarchal clan must be maintained and senior or junior order in the clan is regarded as a key yardstick. While addressing others, People in China must pay much attention to obey this principle in order not to bee the laughing stock. In Chinese address system, In different generation, however, the elder generation may address the younger one with not only surnames but also full names(including family names) Grandparents call the son’s children 孫子(grandson) or 孫女 (granddaughter), the daughter’s children 外孫 (grandson) or 外孫女 (granddaughter). 外 indicates they have a different surname, of different family name. While addressing senior generation, the younger one cannot use their surnames because it is a behavior of treason and unfilial duty. In this way, the son’s children call grandparents 爺爺 (paternal grandfather) and 奶奶 (paternal grandmother). The daughter’s children call grandparents 外公(maternal grandfather) and 外婆 (maternal grandmother), who in North China are also called 姥爺 and 姥姥 respectively. As is known to all the Chinese, It is rude and offensive to address seniors their names directly. Unlike the Chinese custom, elderyounger relation and seniority order in the clan does not play an important part in English address system. The difference in age is not shown very clearly in western culture. For instance, uncles and aunts can refer to both elder and younger ones. In western society, terms of endearment, surnames, and family names are monly adopted. They believe that their usage of kinship address 第 6 頁 共 24 頁 forms is enough and direct. It is a mon sight to address elder generation’s name directly, for example, in Family Album (.), Marilyn (daughterinlaw) calls Robert (her fatherinlaw) and Jenney (her motherinlaw) directly. In the view of westerners, it indicates that they are on intimate terms and in harmony. There is a dialogue: Jenney: Where are you going, Robert? Robert: Remember, the England football game? Jenney: Did you fet something? Robert: Just let me see this play, Jenney. Marilyn: Go ahead, Robert. We should all take a little break before dessert (Wu 127). of Kinship Terms Generalization of kinship terms refers to addressing nonkin or