【正文】 s a mirror which reflects social development in all aspects. In the modern era, people who use language munication need economic and efficient way to exchange information. Abbreviation use less symbols, information, just to meet the modern demand. The abbreviation reflects the modern production of large numbers of the rapid social change. This paper analyzes the origin of the English abbreviations, constitution, writing rules and pragmatic functions. Therefore, we can use English abbreviations more reasonably. 黑河學(xué)院 本科生 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計） 2 1. The Origin and Characteristics of English Abbreviation The Origin of the English Abbreviations Before the 1940s, the number of English abbreviation only a little, but with the birth of the first allelectronic digital puter created by 1946 and at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States, English abbreviation increases④ . Abbreviation is a mon linguistic phenomenon in the world today. But the abbreviation of English is in a marginal position in foreign country for a long time, which is not mensurate with the rapid development of the abbreviations. In the late twentieth century, western scholars began to use cognitive linguistics, puter linguistics and psychological linguistics on the English abbreviations indepth study, and prove the abbreviation to the value of linguistics research. Today, he has bee a millions of army. Especially in recent 20 years is the fastest 20 years of English abbreviation growing. The main causes of English contractions are the following: The Objective World Factors With the fast development of national economies, the rapid progress of science and technology, and the rapid changes in the social life, all require fast, simple language to reflect the plexity of new things and social phenomena. Abbreviation appears more and more in all areas of human life, because abbreviations can be used less information and space to express the original meaning of the words. Social development, especially the rapid development of science and technology on the widespread application of abbreviations has been the extremely vital role. 黑河學(xué)院 本科生 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計） 3 The Subjective World Factors With psychology of people who ask briefness, Anderson, Cognitive psychologist, thinks information processing ability of people is limited. In order to effectively deal with plex munication, people need to have some abilities to show the subject initiative, such as, summary and simplification of the information, anization of the strategy. The munication of modern social information are more and more frequent, so that this requires more and more economic information carrier which can use the most succinct information symbol transfer as much information as possible. The rich meaning of letters abbreviation just meet the people39。s need for briefness psychology. With people39。 . (bits in die twice a day)。s name. It very easily lead to wrong interpretation of these terms. For example, AIDS, at the beginning, the major media newspapers translated AIDS as 愛滋 , which has aroused public misinterpretation of the disease, causing undue panic. It is so lengthy if it is translated into acquired immune deficiency syndrome according to free translation, so that they do later reported, all with HIV to replace the AIDS, which one of the reasons is to reduce people39。 tech — tek。 fax — facsimile。研究其規(guī)律可以減少和避免使用時出現(xiàn)混亂或錯誤。 Email — electric mail (electronic mail), etc. Digital Abbreviation This method is that figures add thumbnail letters or a noun, such as the five senses (sight, hearing, touch and smell, taste)。 And the s/c refers to the surcharge。 pi: /. And some of the pronunciation rules of abbreviations words are the same with the pronunciation of the words, such as NATO / nei tou / (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)。 gas — gasoline. Cutting the Initial Part. This is another mon means by which abbreviations are formed. The final part is left and used to stand for the original word. For example: copter — helicopter。若本論文（設(shè)計）及資料與以上承諾內(nèi)容不符，本人愿意承擔(dān)一切責(zé)任。 IT (Information Technology)。 . refers to the steel casting phrases。 SYS, sys (system)。 fridge — refrigerator。 承 諾 書 我承諾所呈交的畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）是本人在指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行研究工作所取得的研究成果。 quake — earthquake. We use such kind of abbreviations very often in our munication. They are shorter than their original forms. Cutting the Initial Part and the Final Part. On some rare occasions， both the initial part and first are clipped off with the middle part preserved and represents the original one. It happens like these: fluidics — fluidounce, flu — influenza。s allpurpose symbolic instruction code algorithmic language). It should be noted, if there is definite article, the form and pronunciation will depend on the pronunciation of the firstletter abbreviations. Writing Rules of English Language Most abbreviations are formed by the first letters of the most important words in the phrase. Generally we should use capital letters, especially the proprietary technology noun and institution name, etc. For example: NICC (National Information Control Center), PSC (Program Sequence Control). Independent word abbreviation monly uses lowercase letters of the words. For example, esp (especially, in particular), exc (excellence), sci (science). Some abbreviations are in mon use. For example: Tel, tel (telephone phone)。 . representative short circuit。 DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)。 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）作者簽名： 日期： 20 年 月 日 Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................I 摘要 .....................................................................