【正文】 制出一種飛機維修保養(yǎng)的專用起重機，在國際市場上打開了銷路，這種起重機安裝在房屋結構上，跨度大、起升高度大、可過跨、停車精度高。用規(guī)?；O計代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的整機化設計方法，將起重機上功能基本相同的部件和零件制造成有多種用途，有相關連接要素和可互換的標準模塊，通過不同模塊的相互配合，形成不同類型和規(guī)模的起重機。（2）通用起重機械：除使物品作升降運動外，還能使物品作水平運動。并且可以隨i0增大而提高。隨著科學技術的進步和經(jīng)濟建設的發(fā)展，日益顯現(xiàn)出起重機械作為實現(xiàn)生產過程機械化、自動化、減輕體力勞動強度，提高勞動生產率的特種設備的突出地位?，F(xiàn)代起重機械結夠已向大型、精密、高效、多功能、宜人化的機電一體化發(fā)展。但是傳動裝置是機構中最復雜和成本最高的部分，而且傳動裝置的外廓尺寸、自重和成本又直接取決于傳動比的大小，所以僅靠提高傳動比來提高起重量是不經(jīng)濟的。比如橋式起重機和汽車起重機等（3）特種起重機械：只適合于某些專業(yè)性的作業(yè)，其構造往往比上述兩者更為復雜。對起重機進行改進，只需針對某幾個模塊。在起重小車下面安裝有多節(jié)伸縮導管，與飛機維修平臺相連，并可作360o旋轉，通過大車和小車的位移、導管的升降與旋轉可使維修平臺到達飛機的任意位置，進行飛機的維護和修理，極為快速方便。目前重點發(fā)展的又工廠生產搬運自動化系統(tǒng)，柔性加工制造系統(tǒng)，商業(yè)貨物配送集散系統(tǒng)，集裝箱裝卸搬運系統(tǒng)，交通運輸和郵電部門行包貨物的自動分揀與搬運系統(tǒng)等。結構方面采用薄壁型材和異型鋼、減少結構的拼接焊縫，提高抗疲勞性能。第二章橋式起重機的介紹通用橋式起重機是指在一般工作環(huán)境中工作的普通用途的橋式起重機。（6）雙小車橋式起重機這種起重機與吊鉤橋式起重機基本相同，只是在橋架上裝有兩臺起重量相同的小車。（2） 電動葫蘆橋式起重機其特點是采用固定式電動葫蘆裝在小車上作起升機構，小車運行機構也多采用電動葫蘆零部件作簡單的構造型式，小車也極為輕巧簡便，其整體高度小，小車及橋架自重輕、重心低、有很廣泛的適應性。為了簡化車架的加工，墊板的加工面應盡量布置在同一水平面或垂直面上。起重小車除有起升、運行機構和小車架外，還必須有必要的安全保護裝置：如欄桿、排障板、限位開關、撞尺和緩沖器等。但是，這種裝置方式較為笨重。這次設計的起重機為250/50/10t+250/50/10t—，安裝于豐滿水電站擴建工程廠房內，用于水輪發(fā)電機組及其附屬設備的安裝和檢修工作。大、小車緩沖器均為聚氨脂緩沖器。 G——起重機或小車的運動質量，t； a——平均起動加速度，m/s2，； μ0Pi== K0(Ga+Wj)=（315+）= ≥，故打滑實驗通過。 W=()2 = N③計算大小齒輪分度圓直徑 d3=== d4===④計算齒寬 b=φdd3==圓整后 B3=60mm B4=65mm驗算 Ft=== ==100N /mm所以滿足齒面接觸疲勞強度和齒根彎曲疲勞強度。箱體底座要有一定的寬度和厚度，以保證安裝穩(wěn)定性與剛度。選擇通氣器類型時應考慮通氣器對環(huán)境的適應性，其規(guī)格尺寸應于減速器大小相適應。第五章 外文翻譯Tower CraneBoom mounted on the upper part of the rotation of the tall tower crane. Operating a large space, mainly used for housing construction materials in the vertical and horizontal transportation and installation of building ponents. From the metal structure, working bodies and the electrical system consists of three parts. Metal structure including the tower moving arms and base and so on. The work of organizations including lifting,luffing, slewing and walking four parts. Electrical systems including motors, controllers, power distribution cabinets, connection lines, signals and lighting devices.Short tower crane tower crane, also known as tower crane, originated in Western Europe. According to records, the first tower crane used in construction related to the patent granted in1900. Emerged in 1905 with a fixed jib tower crane, and in 1923 produced the prototype of modern tower crane, in the same year the first relatively plete modern tower crane. 1930, when Germany began mass production of tower cranes, and used for building construction. In1941, the tower crane industry standard DIN8770 published in Germany. The standard provides for crane set (t) and amplitude (m) of the product (tm) together to retorque, said the tower crane lifting capacity.China tower crane industry in the 20th century, 50 years started, as opposed to the Western European countries due to weakness in the construction industry caused by the tower crane industry in recession, Shanghai Poch Drive System Co., Ltd. tower crane industry in China is in a rapid period of development .From the tower crane in terms of technological development, while an endless stream of new products, new products in the production efficiency, easy operation, and maintenance easier and more reliable operation in the increase in the tower crane, but there is no fundamental change in the technology. The tower crane research is towards modular development. The socalled modular, that is, to the tower structure as the core, according to structural and functional characteristics of the shaft broken down into several parts, and on the basis of seriation and general requirements, follow the modulus of the various parts of the system theory and then divided into a number of modules. According to parameters required, choose the appropriate modules were grouped with different performance characteristics of the tower crane technology to meet the specific needs of the construction. The implementation of modular tower crane tower crane production capacity will help to speed up the development progress of Lu, save product development costs, and better for customer service.Slewing tower crane be divided into upper and lower rotary tower crane tower crane two broad categories. In which the carrying capacity of the former than the latter, in many we have seen the construction site is on a rotary festival add up on top of a high tower crane access. According to whether the move is further divided into: walking a line, and fixed. Fixed the fixed tower crane tower do not switch installed in the concrete block foundation, or installed in the form of Xshaped concrete foundation. In the housing construction generally use a fixed characteristics and safety devicesTower crane boom and struts form of subhorizontal type two kinds. For the horizontal boom, the load car runs along the level luffing boom, luffing movement balance, its long boom, but the greater weight boom. Boom for the struttype when the tractor boom luffing mechanism Pitch amplitude, amplitude motion than horizontal steady, but its relatively small weight.In order to ensure the safety of tower crane has a good safety device, such as starting weight, range, height and load torque constraints such devices, as well as the travel limit switches, tower lights, wind instrument, wind cliprail device, Ladders and athletic supporter circle, walkways and railings. Driver39。兩定位銷之間的間距越遠越可靠，因此，通常將其設置在箱體凸緣的對角處，并應作非對稱布置。鑄鐵具有良好的鑄造性能和切削加工性能，成本低。m材料：大小齒輪采用的材料為40Cr，并經(jīng)過調質和表面淬火，硬度為48—55HRC閉式傳動，精度7級，初選材料螺旋角β=12o，使用期6年，每年工作300天，每天8小時。m； V起重機或小車碰撞時的碰撞計算速度， m/min。m； Ma—機構制動時需制動的慣性力矩； Mjmin—有利于機構制動時的最小阻力矩；Ma= + = + =式中：Zz—制動器數(shù)量； nm—電動機額定轉速， r/min。該結構也便于車輪的裝拆。廠房內設兩臺250/50/10t橋機，吊裝定子及轉子時，兩臺橋機掛500t平衡梁，利用平衡梁與轉子連接起吊轉子。無論哪一種限位開關，吊鉤組上升的極限位置應該與卷筒或定滑輪之間保持一定距離。它設置在與小車軌道垂直的小車臺邊緣上。5）所有機構中均采用滾動軸承。橋架兩端通過運行裝置直接支撐在高架軌道上的橋架型起重機，稱為“橋式起重機”。（1）冶金橋式起重機冶金橋式起重機根據(jù)用途可以劃分為不同類型，主要結構基本與通用吊鉤橋式起重機相同，取物裝置多為專