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異核)的作用,相對(duì)于高等動(dòng)植物來(lái)說(shuō),大型真菌某些重要的數(shù)量性狀的定位仍有一定的難度。 et al.(2008)在雙色蠟?zāi)⑦z傳連鎖圖譜的構(gòu)建中運(yùn)用SSR和SNP標(biāo)記,成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)了物理圖譜和遺傳連鎖圖譜的完美對(duì)應(yīng),也為雙色蠟?zāi)⒒蚪M序列(Martin et al. 2008)的準(zhǔn)確組裝提供了支撐。 Sons, New York. 111129Fincham JR, 1989. Transformation in fungi. Microbiol Reviews, 53(1): 148170Fischer BM, Salakhutdinov I, Akkurt M, Eibach R, Edwards KJ, T246。ez A, Liu YC, Timmer LW, 1999. Population genetic structure and host specificity of Alternaria spp. causing brown spot of Minneola tangelo and rough lemon in Florida. Phytopathology, 89: 851860Santoyo F, Gonz225。 J, Lin YC, Legu233。[REFERENCES]Ahn S, Tanksley SD, 1993. Comparative linkage maps of the rice and maize genomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 90: 79807984AxelsonFisk M, Sunnerhagen P, 2006. Comparative genomics and gene finding in fungi., 15: 128Balogh M, Miro K, Dalmadi 193。 功能基因在分子遺傳連鎖圖譜上的定位隨著分子生物學(xué)的發(fā)展,大量的功能基因被識(shí)別鑒定,通過(guò)有效的手段將功能基因在遺傳連鎖圖譜上進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確定位,將使遺傳圖譜的構(gòu)建工作更有意義,也將有助于比較基因組學(xué)和遺傳圖譜之間的整合。2 大型真菌分子遺傳圖譜的應(yīng)用遺傳連鎖圖能顯示標(biāo)記和基因在染色體上的相對(duì)位置,有利于更好地理解基因組結(jié)構(gòu)和進(jìn)化,是進(jìn)行基因組系統(tǒng)研究的基礎(chǔ),也是遺傳學(xué)研究的重要方向。Marie et al.(2010)用雙孢蘑菇異宗結(jié)合突變株A. bisporus var. burnettii和次級(jí)結(jié)合變異株A. bisporus var. bisporus的種內(nèi)雜交獲得的118個(gè)同核體,用31個(gè)AFLP、21個(gè)SSR、68個(gè)CAPS和MAT、BSN、PPCADH基因標(biāo)記,構(gòu)建了一張覆蓋度為1,156cM、共13個(gè)連鎖群的連鎖圖譜,這也是雙孢蘑菇第一張?jiān)敱M的分子遺傳連鎖圖譜。 et al. 2008)、肺形側(cè)耳Pleurotus pulmonarius(Yasuhito et al. 2009)和Amylostereum areolatum(van der Nest et al. 2009)等圖譜的構(gòu)建工作也相繼展開(kāi)。 Miles 1989)。大型真菌分子遺傳圖譜的構(gòu)建工作最早始于Kerrigan et al.(1993)對(duì)雙孢蘑菇Agaricus bisporus的遺傳研究。Moquet et al.(1999)將JB383U17的子代同核體群體數(shù)量擴(kuò)大到121個(gè),通過(guò)SCAR、RAPD和同工酶乙醇脫氫酶(alcohol dehydrogenase,ADH)標(biāo)記分析,將26個(gè)標(biāo)記定位在5個(gè)連鎖群上。2008年,Miyazaki et al.(2008)選取了23個(gè)香菇四分體孢子組合共計(jì)92個(gè)孢子單核體為作圖群體,構(gòu)建了一張包括289個(gè)標(biāo)記11個(gè)連鎖群的香菇分子遺傳連鎖圖譜。高質(zhì)量的遺傳連鎖圖譜是基因組學(xué)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì),選擇合適的分子標(biāo)記對(duì)保證高質(zhì)量遺傳連鎖圖譜是必須的,研究人員首先應(yīng)選用穩(wěn)定的分子標(biāo)記構(gòu)建遺傳連鎖圖譜,如RFLP、SSR、SCAP、SNP等;受真菌遺傳學(xué)發(fā)展的限制,對(duì)一些物種來(lái)說(shuō),分子標(biāo)記的選擇并非易事,在選用其他的多態(tài)性標(biāo)記時(shí)(如RAPD、AFLP、SRAP等),務(wù)必要保證擴(kuò)增條帶的準(zhǔn)確性,如可以提高擴(kuò)增的重復(fù)次數(shù)、在數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)時(shí)由不同的人員重復(fù)統(tǒng)計(jì)等。真菌生活史相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,部分模式真菌的遺傳學(xué)研究基礎(chǔ)已經(jīng)相當(dāng)深入,完全可以在現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)上開(kāi)展大型真菌分子遺傳圖譜的構(gòu)建工作。ez L, Carlier J, JamesKay A, Simpson J, 2008. Construction of a genetic linkage map of the fungal pathogen of banana Mycosphaerella fijiensis, causal agent of black leaf streak disease., 53(5): 299311Marie FO, Spataro C, , , , 2010. An expanded genetic linkage map of an intervarietal Agaricus bisporus var. bisporusA. bisporus var. burnettii hybrid based on AFLP, SSR and CAPS markers sheds light on the rebination behaviour of the species., 47): 226236 Marra RE, Huang JC, Fung E, Nielsen K, Heitman J, Vilgalys R, Mitchell TG, 2004. A genetic linkage map of Cryptococcus neoformans variety neoformans serotype D (Filobasidiella neoformans). Genetics, 167: 619631Martin F, Aerts A, Ahr233。reza L, Pisabarroa AG, 2008. Quantitative linkage mapping of lignindegrading enzymatic activities in Pleurotus ostreatus. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 43: 137143Terashima K, Katsumoto T, Hayashi E, Kawasaki S, Yukitaka FN, 2006. Construction of a linkage map of Lentinula edodes (shiitake) with the HEGS (highefficiency genome scanning) system: use of versatile AFLP and PCRbased gene markers. Mycoscience, 47(6): 336346Terashima K, Matsumoto T, Hayashi E, Yukitaka FN, 2002. A genetic linkage map of Lentinula edodes (shiitake) based on AFLP markers., 106(8): 911917Tokimoto K, Komatsu M, Takemaru T, 1973. Inpatibility factors in the natural population of Lentinula edodes in Japan. Reports of the Tottori Mycological Institute, 10: 371376van der Nest MA, Slippers B, Steenkamp ET, de Vosa L, van Zyl K, Stenlid J, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD, 2009. Genetic linkage map for Amylostereum areolatum reveals an association between vegetative growth and sexual and selfrecognition.,): 632641Welter LJ, G246。 J, Zhang X, Yin T, Schmutz J, Martin F, Tuskan GA, Tacon F, 2008. A genetic linkage map for the ectomycorrh