【正文】 the extent to which the credits in question shall be applicable, and shall be binding on the Parties to the Contract, unless otherwise expressly agreed by the Parties thereto.文中:★ unless otherwise,表示除非合同雙方另有約定。中譯英時(shí)需注意這一點(diǎn)。in the event of , in the event that ( 如果；如果……..發(fā)生，比when正式)；in case, the (the ) case of (如果；萬(wàn)一，一旦，)；be liable for?？勺g成如下中文：通過(guò)證券交易所的證券交易，投資者持有一個(gè)上市公司已發(fā)行的股份的百分之五時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)在該事實(shí)發(fā)生之日起三日內(nèi)向國(guó)務(wù)院證券監(jiān)督管理機(jī)構(gòu)、證券交易所作出書面報(bào)告，通知該上市公司，并予以公告。2．狀語(yǔ)在從句中的位置法律文件，合同文件中常常用復(fù)合句，從句中的狀語(yǔ)與主句中的狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)各有其位，不能互相混淆，分辨不清、產(chǎn)生歧義，造成合同雙方爭(zhēng)議，因此從句中的狀語(yǔ)通常都鎖定在從句之內(nèi)，狀語(yǔ)一般開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，放在從句連接詞(when, if 等)之后，從句主體句之前，常用逗號(hào)分隔，以示其是插入的狀語(yǔ)。原文可譯為：不可撤銷信用證，應(yīng)被認(rèn)為構(gòu)成開(kāi)證行的規(guī)定承諾。賣方承擔(dān)貨物越過(guò)船舷以前的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用；買方承擔(dān)其后的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用。★ preside over：主持。一般一項(xiàng)工程分為兩個(gè)階段：第一階段包括工程設(shè)計(jì)、施工、竣工；第二階段是修補(bǔ)工程缺陷?！?contravene the provisions hereof: 違反本法規(guī)定。仲裁裁決是終局性的，對(duì)雙方都有約束力?！?under 意為in accordance with 根據(jù)，按照之意，決不能譯成“在…….之下”?？春贤募羌挚菰?、乏味的事，句子又長(zhǎng)、術(shù)語(yǔ)也多，理解上又頗費(fèi)功夫，許多人往往看不到一半就撒手不管了，或者望而卻步，不敢嘗試，或者草草看過(guò)，按照自己的理解應(yīng)付了事。thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith。讀下面的原文，可以進(jìn)一步理解hereto 在文中的作用。Unfair petition mentioned in this law refers to such acts of business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and disturbing the socioeconomic order.Business operators mentioned herein refer to such legal persons, other economic organizations and individuals as engage in the trading of goods or profitmaking services (hereinafter called Goods including services).注：上文中出現(xiàn)了3個(gè)法律文件中的專門用語(yǔ)：hereof: of this 關(guān)于此點(diǎn)。4．Therein: in that。請(qǐng)看下面的三小段：Whereas Party B has the right and agrees to grant Party A the right to use, manufacture and sell the Contract Products of Patented Technology。★ these articles 指本條文★ apply to 適用，適用于，★ in question: under consideration。例2：When, under the laws and approval from the relevant authorities, a limited liability pany is converted into a pany limited by shares, the total amount which shares are converted into shall be equivalent to the amount of the pany’s net assets.文中:★under the laws:依法，按照法律★a limited liability pany:有限責(zé)任公司★a pany limited by shares: 股份有限公司★be equivalent to : 相等，相當(dāng)于★the amount of the pany’s net assets: 公司凈資產(chǎn)額原文則可譯為：有限責(zé)任公司依法經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)變更為股份有限公司時(shí)，折合的股份總額應(yīng)當(dāng)相等于公司凈資產(chǎn)額。 be liable to ( 應(yīng)付有責(zé)任)；in Testimony whereof: in Witness whereof （以此為證，特立此證）； know all Men by these presents （根據(jù)本文件；特此宣布）；undersigned: （法律文件末尾的簽名者，若前有定冠詞the，是指文件簽署者的自稱；now therefore, (特此；因此，一般與whereas 連用，其后邊常跟hereby. 譯成“茲”，“特此”)。3． 狀語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)略形式在句中的位置狀語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)略形式應(yīng)插入主句，其位置等同于主句中狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)的位置。第二句中的where necessary, 以同樣的道理，設(shè)定在may 與establish之間?！颰he credit provides for sight payment:即期付款信用證。按照1999年9月國(guó)際商會(huì)公布的《2000年國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則》的規(guī)定，采用此術(shù)語(yǔ)，賣方將貨物在合同指定的裝運(yùn)港裝到買方的船上，即完成交貨。★ boar