【正文】 樣的面積大致也只能容許核心家庭居住。日本在老人福利與居住問題之對策上均表現(xiàn)了“先進(jìn)”的姿態(tài)與成果。 老年住宅的可行性參考指標(biāo)宏觀指標(biāo)：國家的醫(yī)療技術(shù)水平；國家關(guān)于老年人權(quán)利義務(wù)的法律法規(guī)；國家對老年人的醫(yī)療保障制度；國家對老年人的生活保障制度；國家相關(guān)的財政、金融、稅收政策；中觀指標(biāo)：住宅產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展程度；科技型住宅的大眾化程度；各地區(qū)對開發(fā)老年住宅優(yōu)惠措施的制定；支持老年人購房的金融工具的運(yùn)用；微觀指標(biāo)：老年人的收入與消費(fèi)水平；老年人的消費(fèi)偏好和精神追求；老年人的生活娛樂方式和時間分配；老年人的文化教育水平；老年住宅市場的準(zhǔn)入條件我國的老齡化進(jìn)程與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不同步，未富先老，所以，解決老齡問題，做好老年社會工作創(chuàng)造良好的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)成為全面實施社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的第三步發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，實現(xiàn)老年人“老有所養(yǎng)、老有所醫(yī)、老有所教、老有所學(xué)、老有所為、老有所樂”的目標(biāo)。對一些特殊性質(zhì)的住宅如老齡住宅、節(jié)能住宅、新結(jié)構(gòu)體系的住宅等，還可以申請?zhí)厥獾呢斦a(bǔ)貼或低息貸款。日本1986年公布了“長壽社會對策大綱”?？梢钥隙ǖ卣f，每一個家庭或早或晚都會有老人。這些社區(qū)吸引約55歲的年輕老人以及希望住家在一個有很多娛樂活動場所的環(huán)境。G類：專為體力和智力衰退并患有疾病、受傷等的老人入住的注冊醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國將“60歲以上的人口占總?cè)丝诒壤_(dá)到10%，或65歲以上人口占總?cè)丝诘谋戎剡_(dá)到7%”作為判斷一個國家是否進(jìn)入老齡社會的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看，我國將在2003年正式邁入老齡化社會。 The Crystal Palace 水晶宮The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 . has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the Xray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the Xray of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed SOS39。 don39。t be better, Gloria,39。s son, Donald, also set up a world record. Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird. Then I39。Haroun Tazieff the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was ing towards him. It threatened to surround him pletely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs said a policeman afterwards, 39。I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Bert Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on ing with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.m going to.. .39。waiting room !39。During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had e into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.s fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. He hitch hiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitchhiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the FrenchSpanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.Meanwhile, two other actors, Rockwall Slinger and Merlin Greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. When they had all made themselves fortable, a stranger appeared. He looked very angry. Oh, is it ?39。39。 The last one? 最后一枝嗎？Lesson81 Escape 脫逃B、老年教育方面建筑：老年大學(xué)、圖書閱覽室、書畫協(xié)會等。輔助生活的其它名字是：居民照料，寄宿和照料，寄宿之家，輔助照料，個人關(guān)照，老年之家，受保護(hù)照料等。過去，由于我國對人口年齡結(jié)構(gòu)變化給城市、環(huán)境帶來的影響缺乏認(rèn)識，缺乏客觀的、長遠(yuǎn)的、戰(zhàn)略性的指導(dǎo)思想，不能把城市建設(shè)、環(huán)境作為一個綜合的整體來看待。許多國家實踐多年，最后證明，這種想法很難行得通。這種能適應(yīng)人的一生各個階段的住宅最能適應(yīng)老齡社會。三是財政金融強(qiáng)有力的支持，調(diào)動企業(yè)開發(fā)應(yīng)用新產(chǎn)品和新技術(shù)的積極性，降低風(fēng)險，增強(qiáng)市場競爭力。６、國外老年住宅市場的狀況歐美各國由于傳統(tǒng)個人主義的影響注重發(fā)展社會養(yǎng)老設(shè)施，特別是美國迅速發(fā)展老年社區(qū)。新加坡政府透過建屋局以及眾多的組屋，對于鼓勵子女與老年父母合住提出了不少辦法，其作用、效果不可忽視，簡要說明如下：A、多代家庭組屋辦法（MultiTier Family Housing Scheme）：此辦法意在優(yōu)先分配組屋給與父母同住之已婚子女，并給予其它各種優(yōu)惠，如貸款可達(dá)售價的90%、較長的償還期、訂金額度減少、提前三年之優(yōu)先權(quán)等。某些大廈的設(shè)計與新屋混為一體，除了配備各種服務(wù)設(shè)施外，并保留了原有社區(qū)的歸屬感。今后如何強(qiáng)化老人自立生活及支持家庭照顧老人，也就是貫徹“社區(qū)、家居照顧”之政策是重要課題。由于聯(lián)邦和州政府的錢是通過各種稅收得到的，實際用的是納稅人的錢，因此每一個納稅人都有權(quán)要求政府對養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)采取鼓勵和監(jiān)督措施，最終得到高質(zhì)量的服務(wù)。在規(guī)劃上，設(shè)計者把社會體系的老年住宅和養(yǎng)老院毗鄰建設(shè)，以便在設(shè)置服務(wù)網(wǎng)點和急救站時，兩者能共用。本世紀(jì)中葉，約占亞洲老年人口總數(shù)的36%，%。由于民政系統(tǒng)財力的限制、加之沒有有力的投資發(fā)展環(huán)境，養(yǎng)老設(shè)施的發(fā)展在現(xiàn)階段仍然是有限的和緩慢的。這種80年代初建立起來的要領(lǐng)被稱為“老年福利三原則。比如排居第三的Marriott，總共擁有11603張床位分布在全國29個州150家Marriott品牌的養(yǎng)老院里。此外，亦舉辦一個屋主聯(lián)絡(luò)主任計劃。二次大戰(zhàn)后香港社會急遽變遷，隨著現(xiàn)代化、工業(yè)化、西方文化觀念的輸入，中國傳統(tǒng)的家庭主義被淡化，老人的地位低落，核心家庭愈來愈多。押金式老年人住宅由地方住宅供給公社出資建設(shè)，專供60歲以上的老年家庭使用，并以押金方式提供使用權(quán)。住宅的材料，需要在仿真的惡劣氣候條件下，經(jīng)受聲、熱、光、風(fēng)雪雨霜長時間的實驗。財政補(bǔ)貼和融資制度是日本建設(shè)省指導(dǎo)和管理住宅建設(shè)的重要途徑，不僅個人能申請，地方政府如住宅建設(shè)資金短缺也可向公庫或公團(tuán)申請，而且民營企業(yè)也可以通過公庫的中長期低息貸款進(jìn)行各種項目的住宅建設(shè)。如在開始時只考慮基本要求，則所增費(fèi)用不會超過房屋造價的1%。老齡住宅演變圖：（1）無障礙老齡住宅隨著生活水平的提高和健康狀況的改善，人的壽命大大延長，許多老人，包括生活不能自理的老人存活下來。E、活躍老年社區(qū)：活躍老年社區(qū)是一個年齡限制的社區(qū)，專門為那些喜歡參加身體和社會活動的老年人建立的。F類：專為體力和智力都衰退并需要個人監(jiān)護(hù)和護(hù)理的住宅。我國是世界上人口最多的國家，由于社