【正文】 eft B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from amp。 I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段時(shí)間+ ago I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +從句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here. 4) It is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student （3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等，所以不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。： （1）表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或者結(jié)果，而這種影響或者結(jié)果往往是說(shuō)話人的興趣所在。在以第二人稱作主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)句中,用will ：　　Shall we go swimming this afternoon? 今天下午我們?nèi)ビ斡竞脝?？Will you please lend me your pen?（2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí),用will . eg. I will give you an EnglishChinese dictionary for your birthday.（3）助動(dòng)詞shall引起的一般疑問(wèn)句征求別人同意時(shí)，回答不能用Yes, you shall或者No, you shall not，應(yīng)該用Yes, please , please don’t. 例如： —Shall I close the window? 我把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎？ —No, please don’，別關(guān)。 例如：　　　　 Hurry up! The bus is ing. 快點(diǎn)！公共汽車馬上就要開了?！　　　?She told me that she would not leave until I came back. 她告訴我我回來(lái)她才會(huì)離開。 　 　Yes, he is. returns經(jīng)常和表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)often，always，usually，sometimes，every day等連用。was / were able to側(cè)重又能力而且成功地做成了某事，而could只表示過(guò)去具備某種能力?！　he news can’t be true. 這消息不可能是真的。　　(4) 感官連系動(dòng)詞：　　　　常用的有feel（摸起來(lái))，taste（嘗起來(lái))，smell（聞起來(lái))，sound（聽起來(lái)）look（看起來(lái))。連系動(dòng)詞有一定詞義，但不完 整，不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，必須和表語(yǔ)連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。主要的助動(dòng)詞有：be，do，have，shall，will等。（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）　　—Need I e tomorrow? 我明天需要來(lái)嗎？ 　　—No, you needn’t. / Yes, you must. 不，沒必要。s raining outside. 注意所填動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) Today both basketball and volleyball _________(play) in many countries. ? 確定動(dòng)詞的形式 1. be busy,what about等后用動(dòng)詞的ing 形式. 形式. keep,enjoy,finish,mind 等動(dòng)詞后采用動(dòng)詞的ing 形式. decide,hope,wish,hate 等動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ),而在ask, tell,want,teach 之后則用動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),即 “ask sb. to do sth.”的形式 ,hear,watch,make,let等后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)省略動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)“ to”, 但在被動(dòng)句中, 應(yīng)添上to. It‘s time(for sb.)to do sth. It39?！　　　?This kind of car runs very fast. 這種小汽車跑得非常快。 returns D. woke（ ）3. Our teacher said light________ faster than sound. （2007年宿遷）　　 A. travelled（3）談?wù)撃橙说某錾掌诮?jīng)常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。s your mother, Helen?　 　She________ the flowers in the garden. （2007年鎮(zhèn)江）　　 A. waters B. washes4. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法： 表示說(shuō)話的過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如today, this week/ month/ summer, lately, recently, these days, so far, in the past few days, since the end of last year, for a long time等。t have D．haven39。（主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”） 2）.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)　　　He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。 may( )11. I’m sorry you’ve missed the train. It ________ 10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left( )12. I bought a new dictionary and it ________ me 30 yuan. A. paid B. spent C. took D. cost( )13. Mum, may I go out and play basketball? _______ you _______ your homework yet? A. Do。t like to sing for you.　B. begin與start本身為進(jìn)行式時(shí)，后面接不定式?！　　 enjoy playing the piano very much. 我非常喜歡彈鋼琴。 there with my family last August．（海南?。? A．gone；went B．been；went C．been；went to D．been；was in ( )9．His sister _______ her hometown for three years． She39。（3）Since用法小結(jié)：1) since +過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn) (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)。amp?！　∽⒁猓海?）shall一般和第一人稱的代詞連用構(gòu)成shall I或者shall we的一般疑問(wèn)句，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的意圖和愿望，征 求別人同意等。常用的這類 動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o, e, leave, start, arrive, work, have, stay, play, return等。（3）在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。 C. works【中考鏈接】　（ ）1. Mum, _______ shall we have lunch?　　 We will have it when your dad_________.（2007年連云港）　　 A. when。1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法（1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)?！　?7) be able to表示具體的能力，與can用法相近，can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)，be able to 可用更多的時(shí)態(tài)?！　ou may be right or may not be right. 你可能對(duì)也可能不對(duì)?！　　　our mother looks much younger than I thought. 你媽媽比我想象得年輕多了。例如：　　 You are a teacher, but not a good one. 你是一個(gè)老師，但不是好老師。1 The stars ___ very small because they39。例如：　　 Will you have a sports meeting next week? 你們下一個(gè)星期舉行體育運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)嗎？　　 Is your mother cooking？你媽媽在做飯嗎？　　 Don’t be late for class next time. 下次上課不要再遲到了。/ 是的，你必須來(lái)。s kind/nice/good of sb. to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 的句型中, 動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作句子真正的主語(yǔ). (why 除外) + to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu),可在句中作主語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ). ? 練習(xí)題 Great Green Wall will stop the wind from (blow) the earth away. Smith kept on (ask) the players to rememberTEAMWORK didn39。（3）表示客觀事實(shí)、客觀規(guī)律或者客觀真理。例如：　　　　 —When were you born? 你是什么時(shí)候出生的？ 　　　 　—I was born in 1983. 我出生于1983年。這一特定時(shí)間除了有上下文暗示外，經(jīng)常和表示過(guò)去 時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)then，a moment ago，at this time yesterday，at ten last night，at that time/ moment等連用。1 Will you go to the Great Wall if it ___ fine tomorrow? A. will B. was C. is going to be D. is( )例如： We have lived here for two years. 我們?cè)谶@里住了兩年了。t heard ( )2．How long have you _______ this book？（哈爾濱市） A．bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent ( )3．You39。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。 ( 已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作) C: stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做某事 　 stop doing sth. 停止做某事　　　 T