【正文】 Technical factors are used to qualify offerors – An offer is either acceptable or not – Price is the only factor for decision ? Best Value: – Define the factors that contribute to value – Relative Importance of each – How to measure the value of individual factor performances 63 Execution Modality: ? DEX: Under this we treat all vendors and NGOS as contractors ? NEX: Ensure that procurement rules plies with the best international practices. ? Country Office Support to NEX. (Follow UNDP Guidelines) ? NGO Execution ? UN Agency Execution – Implementer 64 Procurement Accountability: ? Definition: The accountability in procurement means that staff is responsible for actions and decisions that they take in relation to procurement and for the resulting outes. The staff is accountable through established lines of accountability. ? How does accountability help? The accountability encourages the efficient, effective and ethical use of the anizational resources. This is the main watchword for UNDP procurement process. ? Fundamental elements of Accountability: 65 Accountability: – Procurement Policy: – Documentation: It is important and provides record of procurement activities. This need to be strengthened. – Disclosure: Annual procurement plan must be published to provide confidence. – Notification: The revised procurement plan calls for publishing all major procurement notices and award of the contract. This is being followed to a limited scale. – Dealing with plaints: The procurement protest procedures 66 Procurement Ethics: ? Conflict of interest: A conflict of interest may exist when a staff is involved in an activity or has a personal interest that might interfere the objectivity in performing the function. (Code to guide relationship) It can arise: – When an staff takes outside employment or has financial interest – When personal relationship with staff of other business entity could influence the decision. ? Gifts and Gratuities: – May not accept gifts or gratuities from any supplier for themselves or for their family – May not take advantage of their position to seek discounts on procurement for personal use. This is construed as a gratuity – May accept advertising novelties. 67 Procurement Ethics: ? Integrity: – Open and effective petition – Environmental sustainability ? Ethics vs. Compliance ( Ethics encourages responsible conduct and pliance prevent misconduct。 300 Series) –18% Goods Service 45 % 63% G o o d s a n d S e r v i c e s45%P r o j e c t S t a f f ( 2 0 0 amp。 ?Requisitions。 Performance Security ? Remedies for lateness or failure to perform to specification – Liquidated Damages – Time is of the Essence( Time of performance shall be essence of this contract) Any delay converts into breach of contract – Force Majeure 73 Contract Format: ? Purchase Order ? Professional services contract ? Institutional Services Contract ? SSA ? SC ? RLA ? Civil works Contract ? Long Term Arrangement 74 Practical Tips: ? Procurement must be framed with clear and accurate clients requirements and appropriate evaluation process. ? If there is one thing you have to get right, it is evaluation methodology. Once its is put out, you have crossed the rubicon. ? Purchasers must be scrupulous in e。 ?Estimated costs。 Delivery: ? Delivery prises mainly of following ponents: Goods, Services, Individual Consultants, Travel, etc. These fall under procurement. ? Procurement is the key pillar of delivery. ? Procurement is presently treated as a mechanical process. ? One needs different type of skill sets to manage different type of goods and services. ? One need market and product knowledge. It is not about 3 quotations. ? It is about partnering with supply sources ? Move from tactical to strategic mode ( Presently we spend 100% of our time on fire fighting) 10 Procurement Chain: REQ Sourcing (Potential Suppliers) Receipt and Opening Vendor Award Contract/PO Approval by CPO Create Vendor Evaluation of Offers Review By Contracts Committee Bidding 11 Public Procurement Life Cycle Procurement Plan Procurement Implementation Procurement Evaluation Procurement Formalization 12 Procurement Planning: ? This should take place well before taking any purchasing action. ? It should not be limited to specific requisition but part of positioning the procurement unit to best advantage ? The first task is to establish the significance to the buying anization of the purchased items and then to gain an understanding of the market conditions. ? This require the use of following three techniques – Supply Positioning – Supplier Preferences – Vulnerability management 13 Procurement Plan: ? A procurement plan describes which product will be acquired from vendor as well as when and how they will be acquired. What, When, How ? Template – Items to be procured – Evaluation criteria – Procurement Method – Schedule/ Date of delivery – Ownership rights of the source code – Ownership rights of the production ? One of the major initiative to improve procurement system 14 Procurement Planning Procurement planning, prior to any action taken in Atlas, is essential for the timely solicitation of quotations, bids or proposals。 Ethics is self imposed) ? Code of conduct (Established in the new CAP User Guidelines) ? Ethical belief is a personal choice, however ethical conduct can be mandated by an anization. ? Ethics are moral boundary or values within we work 69 Asset Management: ? What is asset? ? Types of assets: Capital and noncapital ? Profiles of assets ? Who can add/ retire assets? ? Theft and loss of assets ? Tracking of assets ? Assets