【正文】 ceramic preforms fabricated using this tool configuration. Note that all of the PZT elements ejected intact after molding, including those having no longitudinal tapering to facilitate ejection. Slow heating in air has been found to be a suitable method for anic binder removal. Finally, the burnedout preforms are sintered in a PbOrich atmosphere to 9798% of the theoretical density. No problems have been encountered with controlling the weight loss during sintering of these posite preforms, even for those finescale, highsurface area preforms which are intended for high frequency ultrasound. Figure 4 illustrates the surfaces of asmolded and assintered fibers, showing the presence of shallow fold lines approximately 10pm wide, which are characteristic of the injection molding process. The fibers exhibit minor grooving along their length due to ejection from the tool. Figure 5 shows the capability of near shape molding for fabricating very fine scale preforms。 表 1 比較了使用粉末制造商準(zhǔn)備好的那些被報(bào)道的用于模壓的 5H 壓電陶瓷樣品注射成型壓電陶瓷樣品的壓電和介電的性能。關(guān)鍵的參數(shù)包括：壓電陶瓷 /裝夾工具之比，壓電元件的直徑和錐度，壓電陶瓷基本軸向厚度，工具表面的磨光，以及成型零件的脫模機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)。 過程描述 注塑成型 被廣泛應(yīng)用于塑料行業(yè)作為一種較低成本、形狀復(fù)雜的迅速大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)。除了這種材料所展示出的性能優(yōu)勢(shì)，賓州州立大學(xué) 的工作所凸顯的問題涉及合成物的大規(guī)模制造或者甚至以原型為目的。注射成型壓電陶瓷的設(shè)備和應(yīng)用程序都是區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)的材料的加工。因此，這些困難再加上額外的成型與處理龐大數(shù)量且無缺陷的極其精細(xì)的纖維的挑戰(zhàn)。一般來說，由于最初加工的高成本，陶瓷注射成型的方法是最適用于復(fù)雜形狀的構(gòu)成，需要低 成本大批量。 圖 3 注射成型 13 預(yù)成型合成物 圖 4 電子顯微鏡掃描 PZT表面 圖 4 說明 了表面為壓模和作為燒結(jié)的纖維，顯示出大約 10um 寬的存在的淺的折線，這是在注射成型過程中特有的。灣諾爾斯，物理研究所出版，頁 139142 。 [5] U. Bast, D. Cramer and A. Wolff著，《一種用來制造 13連通形壓電復(fù)合材料的新方法》， 第七屆 CIMTEC ， 意大利蒙特卡蒂尼， 6月 24至 30號(hào) ， 1990年 ， . Vincenzini, Elsevier， 20212021頁 [6] G. Bandyopadhyay and K. W. French著，《網(wǎng)狀的 硅的氮化物應(yīng)用于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的制造》，對(duì)渦輪增壓器轉(zhuǎn)自及動(dòng)力， 108， 536539頁， 1986年出版 [7] J. Greim等著，《燒結(jié)注塑渦輪增壓轉(zhuǎn)子》，第三屆關(guān)于熱動(dòng)力的陶瓷材料及構(gòu)造國際研討， 內(nèi)華達(dá)州拉斯維加斯 ， 13651375頁， Amer. Cer. Soc，1989年 附件 2：外文原文 FABRICATION OF PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMlClPOLYMER COMPOSITES BY INJECTION MOLDING. Abstract Research at the Materials Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University has demonstrated the potential for improving hydrophone performance using piezoelectric ceramic/polymer posites. As part of an ONRfunded initiative to develop costeffective manufacturing technology for these posites, Materials Systems is pursuing an injection molding ceramic fabrication approach. This paper briefly overviews key features of the ceramic injection molding process, then describes the approach and methodology being used to fabricate PZT ceramic/polymer posites. Properties and applications of injection molded PZT ceramics are pared with conventionally processed material. Introduction Piezoelectric ceramic/polymer posites offer design versatility and performance advantages over both single phase ceramic and polymer piezoelectric materials in both sensing and actuating applications. These posites have found use in high resolution medical ultrasound as well as developmental Navy applications. Many posite configurations have been constructed and evaluated on a laboratory scale over the past thirteen years. One of the most successful binations, designated 13 posite in Newnham’s notation [l 1, has a onedimensionally connected ceramic phase (PZT fibers) contained within a threedimensionally connected anic polymer phase. Hydrophone figures of merit for this posite can be made over 10,000 times greater than those of solid PZT ceramic by appropriately selecting the phase characteristics and posite structure. The