【正文】 （支撐，定位，夾緊等） 機(jī)床類型（立式銑床，臥式銑床等） 3．知識(shí)模型形成的方法論：結(jié)構(gòu)模型 知識(shí)模型 方法論的實(shí)現(xiàn)需要經(jīng)歷兩個(gè)階段。分析任務(wù)描述了夾具設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中實(shí)體的分類；綜合任務(wù)則描述了夾具解決方案間的相互聯(lián)系。 圖 5 功能元件實(shí)體的知識(shí)模板 根據(jù)分類，功能設(shè)計(jì)的知識(shí)體建立了夾具概念的功能方法：找支撐面，定位，夾緊工件。 Knowledge template。為此，我們運(yùn)用結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)聯(lián)和實(shí)體來(lái)定義了下列種類，基體，支撐，定位，夾緊和輔助元件。 在這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，組成這些 實(shí)物的知識(shí)體完全可運(yùn)用到它們的結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)聯(lián)特性中。 基于夾具設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程的復(fù)雜性，夾具設(shè)計(jì)不能脫離加工過(guò)程而獨(dú)立存在。為了正確描述夾具設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中所需知識(shí)的重要性，很有必要明確這一過(guò)程的基本信息，見(jiàn)表 1。這樣，知識(shí)模型就作為一種工具來(lái)幫助我們闡明精深知識(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)，以及進(jìn)行信息處理工作。 在知識(shí)模型的應(yīng)用方面，我們建議不僅可用于機(jī)床夾具的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，還 可應(yīng)用于檢測(cè)，組合，定位焊接等其它類型夾具。 2． 夾具設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程知識(shí)模型的現(xiàn)狀 夾具 概念源于工件和刀具，工件和機(jī)床間建立理論聯(lián)系的需要。 結(jié)構(gòu)模 型包含了夾具設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中相關(guān)的整體知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。這一部分指出知識(shí)模型的分類是在分析和綜合任務(wù)下用于其它應(yīng)用軟件中去的。圖 5 是將功能元件的知識(shí)模板用于夾具設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程的例子。 to develop knowledge based systems (KBS), and finally, to provide a conceptual base for reusing the knowledge. In this sense, the entities and structures defined in a knowledge model for design process of machining fixtures can be partially reused to develop new models for fixture design process, as the inspection or assembly fixture. The entities and structures reused has been defined using the method of knowledge template[4]. The work presented is a detailed proposition of the knowledge model for machining fixture design and the definition of the knowledge groups that can be reused in the inspection fixture design process, using the knowledge template method. Fig. 1 presents a general view of the contents of this ex Fig. 1. The structure of the work. planation. 2. Present state of fixture design process knowledge modelling The fixture concept arises from the need to establish a physical connection between part, and tool, and part and machinetool. This connection should fulfil some requirements for support the machining operation to carry out. The mainly functionality of the fixture is to support, locate and clamp the part to the machine tool. However, in order to interpreting correctly the needed knowledge for develop the fixture design process, it is necessary to define the basic information related with this process according to the classification exposed in Table 1. All this information has been represented in models that describe the entities, attributes and relationships between each knowledge group in the fixture design process. The definition of these models can be carried out using methodologies that describe the activities to capture, represent and reuse the knowledge of a design system, for example MOKA and CommonKADS. The MOKA methodology is based on the definition of two models. These models allow to capture and to structure the knowledge of a system. The first model, uses a group of forms (ICARE: Illustrations, Constraints, Activities, Rules,Entities) that allow to capture and to represent the knowledge in a semistructured way。從此意義上看，知識(shí)體的共享會(huì)因定位面，定位點(diǎn)，方位，夾具的夾緊和功能元件的選擇而受到限制。 這兩種任務(wù)的區(qū)分，建立了知識(shí)體的第一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，既實(shí)體及特征可用于新發(fā)展的應(yīng)用軟件中。這兩個(gè)階段描述了機(jī)床夾具知識(shí)模型的兩個(gè)組成部分：實(shí)物的結(jié)構(gòu)模型和行為模型。在知識(shí) 模板中已加入了這種實(shí)體和結(jié)構(gòu)描述想結(jié)合的方法 [4]。 基于知識(shí) 模 板這種具體方法的使用，將 其 應(yīng)用到不同設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中去很 具可行性。 亨特第一個(gè)提出了將 知識(shí)模型應(yīng)用于機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中的理念 [5]。各模型的定義有助于我們更好的了解設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)中知識(shí)體系的捕獲，描述和使用，例如 MOKA和 Common KADS 方法。同樣，就機(jī)床和夾具設(shè)計(jì)的商業(yè)元素而言，加工工藝與夾具資源間也有著相當(dāng)微妙的 關(guān)系。 圖 4 工件實(shí)體的知識(shí)模板（分析任務(wù)） 第二標(biāo)準(zhǔn)描述了夾具設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中實(shí)體間相似的結(jié)構(gòu)和關(guān)聯(lián)（ 機(jī)床夾具的功能）。根據(jù)其使用潛能，這些模型分為不同的兩類。 【 附 】英文原文 翻譯題名 ： Knowledge model as an integral way to reuse the knowledge for fixture design process 期刊與作者 ： R. Hunter Journal of Materials Processing Technology 128（ 2021）718： 1510— 1515 出版社 ： Elsevier Science . Abstract The fixture design is considered a plex process that demands the knowledge of different areas, such as geometry, tolerances, dimensions, processes and manufacturing resources. Nowadays, the fixture design process is oriented to automated systems based on knowledge models. These models describe the characteristics and relationships of the physical elements together withthe inference processes that allow c