【正文】 ne is known as ?cholinergic‘. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the socalled motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a mand is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds。 Carreras. Through his exploitation of the nascent phonograph industry, Caruso is also largely responsible for the sweeping interest in opera of the 1910s and ‘20s. And for this, Stanley Jackson wrote in his bookCaruso, he may never be rivaled, for later tenors could not hope to find themselves in a similarly fortuitous position and thus would most certainly ―find it more difficult to win such universal affection as the bubbly, warmhearted little Neapolitan whose voice soared and sobbed from the first wheezy phonographs to bring a new magic into countless lives.‖ Born in Naples, Italy, in 1873, the third of seven children (early sources erroneously state that he was the 18th of 21), Caruso was raised in squalor. His birthplace, according to Jackson, was a―twostoreyed house, flaky with peeling stucco, [acmodating] several families, who shared a solitary coldwater tap on the landing, and like every other dwelling in that locality it lacked indoor sanitation.‖ As a boy, Caruso received very little formal education。 the adoption of an approach to space in which all parts of the canvas played an equally vital role in the total work。表現(xiàn)為由于區(qū)域布置的不合理，游戲開始就出現(xiàn)混亂，而教師此時沒有及時介入給予指導；“飛機場”的游戲多少有些超出孩子們的生活經(jīng)驗，故游戲過程中對“機長”的指導應該是重點，在游戲開始前就該有適當指導，以確保游戲進程順利，但教師卻是在登機后出現(xiàn)情況才介入；“機長”關(guān)于飛機將 爆炸的說法影響了孩子們愉快的游戲心理，教師此時卻沒有任何反應；第一個航班“降落”后，第二個航班起飛時，孩子們已有經(jīng)驗，教師此時卻完全介入甚至取代了孩子。 參考答案： 教師介入的方式主要有平行式介入、交叉式介入和垂直介入。 5. 智力玩具：是指用以發(fā)展幼兒智力的玩具，包括各種圖片、卡片和各種拼、插、套、 鑲嵌等材料。 （一）游戲為幼兒提供了社會交往的機會，發(fā)展了幼兒社會交往的能力。即幼兒游戲是在假想的情景中反映實在的活動 ,具備顯明的虛構(gòu)性。 5．自主性體驗：談及游戲，幼兒的心理狀態(tài)總是放松的，因為他們是游戲的主人，持 有這種“權(quán)利”所引起的體驗就是自主性體驗。主要觀點是：在童年時代就要游 戲，游戲提供了兒童準備參加嚴肅生活的途徑，游戲是兒童未來生活最好的預備。主要觀點是： （ 1）環(huán)境刺激是覺醒 的重要源泉 （ 2）機體具有維持體內(nèi)均衡的主動調(diào)節(jié)機制 （ 3）當有新異刺激機會體采用探索的方法來下降覺醒程度 （ 4）當缺少刺激時機體采取游戲的方式來進步覺醒水平 2．經(jīng)典游戲理論有哪些貢獻？ ①在人類歷史上第一次嚴肅地思考并解釋了兒童游戲的原因與意義； ②從兒童生理的不 同側(cè)面對兒童游戲的原因與意義進行解釋； ③從人的一般本性和共性角度對兒童游戲的原因 與意義進行解釋； ④基本上肯定了游戲是兒童的一種重要活動， 是兒童心理發(fā)展的重要力量。 主要觀點： （ 1）游戲起源于社會生活； （ 2）游戲不是兒童的天賦本能活動，而是發(fā)展 到一定階段才出現(xiàn)的活動； （ 3）游戲活動具有想象性和規(guī)則性； （ 4）游戲?qū)和兄薮蟮? 發(fā)展價值； （ 5）游戲促進了兒童對角色的認識 貢獻：強調(diào)游戲的發(fā)展是兒童與成人相互作用的結(jié)果；賦予游戲以更為積極的重要價 值；對于學前教育實踐具有重要影響。它們可直接充當游戲的成員或設(shè)備，有助于幼兒模仿成人的活動，激 發(fā)幼兒游戲的興趣和愿望。 作用：培養(yǎng)幼兒良好的品質(zhì)；培養(yǎng)幼兒良好的行為方式；有利于發(fā)展幼兒的語言能 力 ，激發(fā)幼兒對文學藝術(shù)的興趣。丟手絹的人要不知不覺地將手絹丟在其中一人的身后。s first oneman show in 1948 established him as a highly influential artist. His intensely plicated abstract paintings of the 1940s were followed by images of Woman, grotesque versions of buxom womanhood, which were virtually unparalleled in the sustained savagery of their execution. Painters such as Philip Guston and Franz Kline turned to the abstract late in the 1940s and soon developed strikingly original styles—the former, lyrical and evocative, the latter, forceful and boldly dramatic. Other important artists involved with the movement included Hans Hofmann, Robert Motherwell, and Mark Rothko。 style, flashy gestures, and unrefined and unrestrained vocalizing, Vergine finally agreed to accept Caruso as his student. But ―the lessons ended after three years,‖ John Kobler wrote in American Heritage, ―and Caruso‘s formal musical training thereafter remained almost as meager as his scholastic education. He could read a score only with difficulty. He played no musical instrument. He sang largely by ear.‖ I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my sec