【正文】 l, manganese ore, can direct smelting into high quality alloy western Australia hammer, rich iron ore, ore billion tons, Cuba card la just natural alloy rich ore of iron ore billion tons, in addition, in Indonesia, the Philippines, the former Soviet union, the United States also have development of this type of ore deposits in China, but in north China39。 Between the low mountains and hills area the most beneficial to the growth of weathered ore deposit. (4) The phreatic surface. Above the phreatic surface, strong chemical and leaching effect made residual material enrichment, and below it may produce leaching material enrichment. So the diving depth is moderate, the deposition of the rock and leaching, favorable for the formation of weathered ore deposit. (5) Geological structure. Big fissure zone and fracture zone, and determine the position of weathering deposits and extending direction, but also control the depth of weathering deposits. Tectonic movement also affect the preservation conditions of weathering deposits, weathering deposits on the structural lung area vulnerable to erosion, weathering deposits are buried in subsidence area, only in the case of small settlement, weathering deposits can be covered and preserved. (6) Time weathering deposits both scale and quality, take a long weathering deposits, mostly in the tertiary, quaternary or Mesozoic of the earth39。這種礦床的形成除由成礦元素的地球化學(xué)性質(zhì)決定外，還需要有明顯的地球化學(xué)屏障，主要是潛水運(yùn)動(dòng)的阻滯和物理化學(xué) 環(huán)境的急劇改變。產(chǎn)在第三紀(jì)、第四紀(jì)或中生帶的熱帶、亞熱帶蛇紋巖風(fēng)化殼中。二氧化硅、磷、錳、鈷、鎳、銅、鈾、釩穩(wěn)定性稍差，在其他條件有利時(shí)，可以形成氧化物、磷酸鹽及其他穩(wěn)定的含氧鹽類而成為殘余礦床。山區(qū)地形高差大，風(fēng)化產(chǎn)物不易保留；強(qiáng)烈夷平地形，也不利于風(fēng)化成礦作用持續(xù)進(jìn)行；介于二者之間的中低山脈和丘陵地帶最有利于風(fēng)化礦床的發(fā)育。風(fēng)化作用大多發(fā)生在潛水面附近或其上，因此，風(fēng)化礦床的深度一般距地面不超過數(shù)十米，特殊情況下達(dá) 100～ 200 米 ,個(gè)別可達(dá) 1500～ 2020 米。因此潛水面的深度適中，巖石的分解和淋失相適應(yīng)，有利于風(fēng)化礦床的形成。其結(jié)果形成了紅土型風(fēng)化殼，其上部含鐵高達(dá) 50％以上成為富鐵礦。中國的云南、臺(tái)灣等地也有這類礦床。原巖風(fēng)化時(shí)，其中分散存在的鈾化合物被帶出到有利地段沉積富集成礦。s shanxi type iron ore, at least in part, is a product of iron carbonate rock weathering. (2) The red clay type bauxite in tropical and subtropical regions of alkaline rock and rock weathering by separate strong weathering of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, make alkaline water, can dissolve and out of the silicon dioxide, and residual aluminum in the weathering crust formed sanshui LvShi and LvShi monohydrate, symbiosis with iron oxide and clay, be easy in refining of high quality aluminum ore, is an important source of Arkansas in the United States and Brazil, guinea, India39。 Strongly flattened terrain, also go against weathering mineralization continuous。 4 淋積礦床 指原巖中活動(dòng)性較大的物質(zhì)，經(jīng)過風(fēng)化淋濾被地下水帶至鄰近的巖石中富集形成的礦床。又稱硅酸鹽鎳礦床，由超基性巖風(fēng)化而成。風(fēng)化殘余物質(zhì)都是在地表?xiàng)l件下穩(wěn)定的物質(zhì)，其中鐵和鋁是最穩(wěn)定的，風(fēng)化后成為鐵礦和鋁土礦而富集在風(fēng)化殼上部成礦。 ③地形因素。風(fēng)化礦床規(guī)模以中小型為 主，個(gè)別大型或超大型礦床面積達(dá)數(shù)千平方公里，儲(chǔ)量幾億噸甚至超過 100 億噸。 ⑤地質(zhì)構(gòu)造。 礦體 內(nèi)常有原巖中殘留的富含鉻、鈦、釩礦物或風(fēng)化后殘留的鈷、鎳、錳礦物，可以直接冶煉成優(yōu)質(zhì)合金鋼。 ④殘余粘土礦床。鈾是變價(jià)元素，當(dāng)