【正文】 提供了強有力的通信手段。東南大學(xué)研制的微機主設(shè)備保護的硬件也經(jīng)過了多次改進和提高。到 90 年代初集成電路保護的研制、生產(chǎn)、應(yīng)用仍處于主導(dǎo)地位，這是集成電路保護時代。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 繼電保護， 繼電保護現(xiàn)狀發(fā)展，繼電保護的未來發(fā)展 一、 繼電保護原理及現(xiàn)狀 電力系統(tǒng)的迅速發(fā)展對繼電保護不斷提出新的要求，電子技術(shù)，計算機技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展不斷為繼電保護技術(shù)的發(fā)展注入新的活力，因此，繼電保護技術(shù)是有利的，在 40多年的時間里已完成發(fā)展了 4 個歷史階段。在主設(shè)備保護方面，東南大學(xué)和華中理工大學(xué)研制的發(fā)電機 失磁保護、發(fā)電機保護和發(fā)電機 ?變壓器組保護也相繼于198 1994年通過鑒定，投入運行。這就要求微機保護裝置具有相當(dāng)于一臺 pc機的功能。因繼電保護的作用不只限于切除故障元件和限制事故影響范圍 (這是首要任務(wù) )，還要保證全系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運行。因此，每個微機保護裝置不但可完成繼電保護功能，而且在無故障正常運行情況下還可完成測量、控制、數(shù)據(jù)通信功能，亦即實現(xiàn)保護、控制、測量、數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化?？梢灶A(yù)見，人工智能技術(shù)在繼電保護領(lǐng)域必會得到應(yīng)用，以解決用常規(guī)方法難以解決的問題。s to enter the time which the microputer protected. 2 relay protections future development The relay protection technology future the tendency will be to puterizes, worked, the intellectualization, will protect, the control, the survey and the data munication integration development. puterizes Along with the puter hardware swift and violent development, the microputer protection hardware also unceasingly is developing. The original North China electric power institute develops the microputer line protection hardware has experienced 3 development phases: Is published from 8 lists cpu structure microputer protection, does not develop to 5 years time to the multi cpu structure, latter developed to the main line does not leave t 7 he module the big modular structure, the performance enhances greatly, obtained the widespread application. Huazhong University of Science and Technology develops the microputer protection also is from 8 cpu, develops to take the labor controlling machine core partially as the foundation 32 microputers protection. The Nanjing electric power automation research institute from the very beginning has developed 16 cpu is the foundation microputer line protection, obtained the big area promotion, at present also is studying 32 protections hardware system. Southeast the university develops the microputer host equipment protects the hardware also passed through improved and the enhancement many times. The Tianjin University from the very beginning is the development take more than 16 cpu as the foundation microputer line protection, in 1988 namely started to study take 32 digital signals processor (dsp) as the foundation protection, the control, the survey integration microputer installment, at present cooperated with the Zhuhai Jin automatic equipment pany develops one kind of function plete 32 big modules, a module was a miniputer. Uses 32 microputers chips only to focus by no means on the precision, because of the precision the a/d switch resolution limit, is surpassed time 16 all is accepts with difficulty in the conversion rate and the cost aspect。s in are the times which the transistor relay protection vigorous development and widely uses. Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation research 500kv transistor direction high frequency protection the transistor high frequency block system which develops with the Nanjing electric power automation research institute is away from the protection, moves on the Gezhou Dam 500 kv line , finished the 500kv line protection to depend upon pletely from the overseas import time. From the 7039。 近年來，人工智能技術(shù)如神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、遺傳算法 、進化規(guī)劃、模糊邏輯等在電力系統(tǒng)各個領(lǐng)域都得到了應(yīng)用，在繼電保護領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的研究也已開始［ 7］。在母線區(qū)外故障時，各保護單元都計算為外部故障均不動作。 計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為信息和數(shù)據(jù)通信工具已成為信息時代的技術(shù)支柱，使人類生 產(chǎn)和社會生活的面貌發(fā)生了根本變化。 南京電力自動化研究院一開始就研制了 16位 cpu為基礎(chǔ)的微機線路保護，已得到大面積推廣，目前也在研究 32位保護硬件系統(tǒng)。到 80 年代末集成電路保護已形成完整系列，逐漸取代晶體管保護。 建國后，我國繼電保護學(xué)科、繼電保護設(shè)計、繼電器制造工業(yè)和繼電保護技術(shù)隊伍從無到有，在大約 10 年的時間里走過了先進國家半個世紀(jì)走過的道路。南京電力自動化研究院研制的微機線路保護裝置也于 1991 年通過鑒定。在計算機保護發(fā)展初期，曾設(shè)想過用一臺小型計算機作成繼電保護裝置。這就要求每個保護單元都能共享全系統(tǒng)的運行和故障信息的數(shù)據(jù)，各個保護單元與重合 閘裝置在分析這些信息和數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上協(xié)調(diào)動作，確保系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運行。 4 目前，為了測量、保護和控制的需要，室外變電 站的所有設(shè)備，如變壓器、線路等的二次電壓、電流都必須用控制電纜引到主控室。 三 總結(jié) 建國以來，我國電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護技術(shù)經(jīng)歷了 4 個時代。 32 microcomputers chips have the very high integration rate more importantly, very high operating frequency and putation speed, very big addressing space, rich mand system and many inputs outlet. The cpu register, the data bus, the address bus all are 32, has the memory management function, the memory protection function and the duty transformation function, and (cache) and the floating number part all integrates the high speed buffer in cpu. The electrical power system the request which protects to the microputer enhances unceasingly, besides protection basic function, but also should have the large capacity breakdown information and the data longterm storage space, the fast data processing function, the formidable traffic capacity, with other protections, the control device and dispatches the working by to share the entire system data, the information and the work resources ability, the higher order language programming and so on. This requests the microputer protective device to have is equal to a pc machine function. In the puter protection development initial period, once conceived has made the relay protection installment with a miniputer. At that time because the small machine volume big, the cost high, the reliability was bad, this tentative plan was not realistic. Now, with the microputer protective device size similar labor controlling machine function, the speed, the storage capacity greatly has surpassed the same year small machine, therefore, made the relay protection with plete set labor co