【正文】 沿海企業(yè)與科技 。 在土木工程的長(zhǎng)期實(shí)踐中，人們不僅對(duì)房屋建筑藝術(shù)給予很大注 意，取得了卓越的成就；而且對(duì)其他工程設(shè)施，也通過(guò)選用不同的建 筑材料，例如采用石料、鋼材和鋼筋混凝土，配合自然環(huán)境建造了許 多在藝術(shù)上十分優(yōu)美、功能上又十分良好的工程。名的工程設(shè)施顯示出人類在這個(gè)歷史時(shí)期的創(chuàng)造力。 十九世紀(jì) 20 年代，波特蘭水泥制成后，混凝土問(wèn)世了。 人們?cè)谠缙谥荒芤揽磕嗤痢⒛玖霞捌渌烊徊牧蠌氖聽I(yíng)造活動(dòng)，后 來(lái)出現(xiàn)了磚濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯 9 和瓦這種人工建筑材料， 使人類第一次沖破了天然建筑材 料的束縛。 Heilongjiang science and technology information. ZhengHuaXu。 architecture。 A. W. Beeby, to Design for Civil Engineers, , Spon Press. Y. Xiao amp。在英語(yǔ)中，歷史上土木工 程、機(jī)械工程、電氣工程、化工工程都屬 Civil Engineering，因?yàn)樗鼈兌季? 有民用性。于是在大江、海峽上架 起大橋，在地面上建造起摩天大樓和高聳鐵塔，甚至在地面下鋪設(shè)鐵 路，創(chuàng)造出前所未有的奇跡。 它所建造的工 程設(shè)施反映出各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、 文化、 科學(xué)、 技術(shù)發(fā)展的面貌， 因而土木工程也就成為社會(huì)歷史發(fā)展的見證之一。例如，地基基礎(chǔ)、隧道及地 下工程的受力和變形的狀態(tài)及其隨時(shí)間的變化， 至今還需要參考工程 經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行分析判斷。2021年 21期 徐正華 。土木工程的信息化建設(shè) [J]。 濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯 13 土木工程的信息化，既包括建筑管理的信息化也包括建筑技術(shù)開發(fā)的信息 化，建筑管理的信息化應(yīng)在三個(gè)層次上展開，即在土木工程行業(yè)管理信息化、工 程項(xiàng)目管理信息化、土木 工程企業(yè)管理信息化。因而這個(gè)時(shí)期的土木工程得到突飛猛進(jìn)的發(fā)展。 二十世紀(jì)初以來(lái)，鋼筋混凝土廣泛應(yīng)用 于土木工程的各 個(gè)領(lǐng)域。 磚和瓦具有比 土更優(yōu)越的力學(xué)性能，可以就地取材，而又易于加工制作。 Coastal enterprise and science and technology. PengJianGuo。s mechanics, material mechanics, structural mechanics, structural engineering design theory came into being, and so on. Construction machinery, construction technology and construction anization design theory also development, civil engineering from the experience of rising to bee science, engineering practice and theoretical basis for both is a different place, which led to more rapid development of civil engineering. During the nieenth century, 20, made of Portland cement, concrete has e out. Concrete can aggregate materials, easytoconcrete structures forming, but the tensile strength of concrete is very small, limited use. By the middle of the nieenth century, the surge in steel production, with the emergence of this new type of reinforced concrete posite construction materials, which bear the tension steel, concrete bear the pressure and play their own advantages. Since the beginning of the 20th century, reinforced concrete is widely used in various fields of civil engineering. From the beginning of the 1930s, there have been prestressed concrete. Prestressed concrete structure of the crack resistance, rigidity and carrying capacity, much higher than the reinforced concrete structure, which uses an even wider area. Civil Engineering into the reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete dominant historical period. Concrete buildings to bring about the emergence of new economic, aesthetic structure in the form of engineering, civil engineering so that a new construction technology and engineering design of the structure of the theory. This is another leap in the development of civil engineering. A project to build the facilities in general to go through the investigation, design and construction in three stages, require the use of geological prospecting projects, hydrogeological survey, engineering survey, soil mechanics, mechanical engineering, engineering design, building materials, construction equipment, engineering machinery, building the economy , And other disciplines and construction technology, construction and other fields of knowledge, as well as puter and mechanical testing techniques. Civil engineering is therefore a broad range of integrated disciplines. With the progress in science and technology development and engineering practice, the civil engineering disciplines have also been developed into a broad connotation, the number of categories, the structure of plex integrated system. Civil Engineering is acpanied by the development of 濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯 4 human society developed. It works in the construction of facilities reflect the various historical periods of socioeconomic, cultural, scientific, technological development outlook, which civil society has bee one of the histo