【正文】 語(yǔ)言是文化的載體 ,是反映文化的一面鏡子 ,因而不同文化由于歷史傳統(tǒng) ,民族心理等差異導(dǎo)致了稱謂語(yǔ)的不同。 英漢稱謂語(yǔ)體系差異明顯 ,而這些差異是其植根于各自不同的社會(huì)文化背景。 英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在不同的歷史條件，和社會(huì)文化 下產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展，因此英漢稱謂也就難免體現(xiàn)各自語(yǔ)言賴 以生存、發(fā)展的社會(huì)文化背景和 不同語(yǔ)言的兩個(gè)民族人民的情感。 相比之下 ,英語(yǔ)親屬稱謂則相對(duì)貧乏 ,而且指稱寬泛、語(yǔ)義模糊 ， 除區(qū)分輩分外 ,親疏、內(nèi)外、長(zhǎng)幼都可忽略不計(jì)。另外，適當(dāng)?shù)慕梃b一些相關(guān)的研究成果和資料 。恰當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的稱謂語(yǔ)可以大大促進(jìn)人際間的交往。 該文從跨文化交際的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)日常稱謂系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行比較并分析以家庭結(jié)構(gòu)、價(jià)值觀念、等級(jí)概念為基礎(chǔ)的社會(huì)文化方面的差異性。在社會(huì)稱謂方面英漢 也有較大差異。 主要內(nèi)容、研究方法和思路： 本論文主要是運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)研究法：查閱報(bào)刊雜志，論文及相關(guān)研究成 果，并通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)查閱最新論文資料，然后就是采用了對(duì)比研究的方法。稱謂語(yǔ)不僅是顯示一個(gè)人的身份同時(shí)也是文化在人們身上的烙印。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 稱謂語(yǔ)；比較；社會(huì)文化影響 第 IV 頁(yè) 共 24 頁(yè) Contents Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………….. …I Abstract …..………………………………………………………….……………..II 摘 要 ……….……………………………….………………….……………….…III Chapter 1 Introduction ……………………………………………….… .……........1 Literature Review ………………………..……… ………… .…….....1 The Significance of the Research ………………………………...….. 1 Organization of this Paper…………………………… .…………....... 2 Chapter 2 Differences in Kinship Terms ...…………………………………....….. 3 Divisions of Kinship Terms……………..………………………..… ...3 The Difference by Patriarchal and NonPartriarch……………… 4 Difference of Paternal and Maternal Kinship Terms…………… 4 Divisions by Elderyounger Relation and Seniority Order inthe Clan… .…………..… ...…………..………………………..… ...5 of Kinship Terms ………………..…………… ...6 Chapter 3 Difference in Social Address Forms ………..……………………....…. 8 Universal in Englishspeaking Countries……………………....…… .. 8 More Complicated Address Forms in Chinese Society … … … .9 Reasons of the Difference in Address Forms. .… ………... .…. 11 Historical Reasons … ………..…….. ..........................................12 of Friendship……… ……………...……………… ..12 Chapter 4 Conclusion …………………………………..………………………... 13 Works Cited ..………………………………………...……………………………..1 4 安徽師范大學(xué)皖江學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）開(kāi)題報(bào)告書 ………………… 15 安徽師范大學(xué)皖江學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）評(píng)定意見(jiàn) …………………… 17 安徽師范大學(xué)皖江學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)論文 (設(shè)計(jì) )答辯記錄 ……………………… 18 第 1 頁(yè) 共 24 頁(yè) A Brief Study on the Differences and Cultural Factors of English and Chinese Address Term Chapter 1 Introduction According to the view of linguistic formation and development, Professor Chang, in Language and culture, believes that there is very close relationship in society contexts (34). For the same word, people of different culture backgrounds may have different impressions or understandings. Language is the presentation of culture. Without knowledge of culture, it is difficult to learn language well. Obviously, We intend to use culture in order to function in a particular society. Therefore, “culture is a system of symbol, and language is only one element of the symbolic system in this work. And it is obviously that one should think of language in culture and not just of language and culture” (Chang 90). Literature Review Professor Hu in Shanghai Transport University study in this field by making some parison of the taboo of the address forms between Chinese and English society. From the aspect of social linguistic, Shang Ting, doctor of Zhong Nan University, has done some research on it and made some progress in this field. The Significance of the Research In a word, human beings do not live in the world alone. With the help of language, People can understand their past, present and future. Address term is a word or a bination of words people use in addressing each other in verbal munication. It shows the role people play in munication, suggesting 第 2 頁(yè) 共 24 頁(yè) interpersonal relationships between them. Every language and culture has its own system of address terms. The Chinese and English address terms systems e into being under different cultural backgrounds and the disparities of the two systems are inevitable. Organization of this Paper This thesis adopts the parative way to study Chinese and English address terms, including kinship terms, social address terms (nonkinship terms), selection of respect and honorific words and further analysis of reasons of such differences. 第 3 頁(yè) 共 24 頁(yè) Chapter 2 Differences in Kinship Terms Language is the carrier of culture. kinship term is not only a part of language but also a kind of culture. Kinship systems are a universal feature of language. They are the lexically identical terms and unique terminological systems labeled with a distinctive social and cultural nature. In different societies and cultures, there must be different systems of kinship terms. Behind the vast differences between Chinese and English kinship terms are different social structures (hierarchy and equality), interpersonal relationships (power and solidarity) and value systems (collectivism and individualism) of two different cultures. Divisions of Kinship Terms Kinship term is a feature of Chinese culture and English culture. There are two mon points between English and Chinese kinship address terms: one is the quantities of both experience a process from more to less 。 首先，揭示稱謂是展現(xiàn)文化的一個(gè)不可或缺的因素，文化的迅猛發(fā)展過(guò)程中難免會(huì)遇到稱謂語(yǔ)方面的問(wèn)題。 研究狀況： 上海交通大學(xué)胡劍波博士標(biāo)新立異從英漢冒犯稱謂語(yǔ)方面進(jìn)行研究； 清華大學(xué) 工學(xué)博士 朱曉文從稱謂語(yǔ)的系統(tǒng)性研究以及傳統(tǒng)詞匯學(xué)、社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)及語(yǔ)用學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的研究四個(gè)方面入手，分析了稱謂語(yǔ)的研究現(xiàn)狀及存 在的問(wèn)題 ； 西南師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院 尚婷 教授從 社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué) 方面對(duì)英漢稱謂語(yǔ)進(jìn)行了 研究 ； 中南大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院張征和寧波大學(xué)外語(yǔ)學(xué)院楊成虎從修辭學(xué)語(yǔ)用學(xué)社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)和系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)法等角度對(duì)《紅樓夢(mèng)》中的稱謂語(yǔ)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了全面系統(tǒng)的研究。每種語(yǔ)言和文化都擁有自己一套獨(dú)特的稱謂語(yǔ)系統(tǒng)。 the other is that some basic address words have equal meanings in both languages, for instance, father, mother, son, daughter, husband and wife. Meanwhile, most of the address words have different forms in the two languages and such phenomenon reflects different social and cultural backgrounds of their own. The Difference by Patriarchal and NonPatriarchal Clans Generally speaking, patriarchal clan is regarded as the basic unit of Chinese traditional social structure. The fundamental frame of patriarchal clan is