【正文】 井下巷道掘進(jìn)中炮眼布置有無數(shù)種。掏槽眼最重要。周邊眼中裝上分布均勻的小藥卷。眼底 2~3英尺處的裝藥量略比其余部分要多一些。注藥器的操作是用一個噴射器經(jīng) — 很軟管把炸藥吸出，然后再通 過這根裝藥軟管將炸藥吹入炮眼入。就漿狀炸藥而 論，已發(fā)明了一些專用的泵送方法，這種方法對于大孔徑炮眼的裝藥能力實(shí)際上是很高的。 巖石的強(qiáng)度受到周圍環(huán)境的影響。附錄 外文翻譯 APPLICATION OF BLASTING IN DRIVING TUNNEL 1 FRAGMENTATION Fragmentation is the breaking of coal, ore,or rock by blasting so that the bulk of the material is small enough to load, handle and would be at its best when the debris is not smaller than necessary for handling and not so large as to require hand breaking or secondary blasting . Energy must be supplied to rock by direct or indirect means to fragment that rock and the type of loading energy is consumed by the main mechanisms: (1) creation of new surface area (fracture energy), (2)friction (plasticity) and (3)elastic wave enegy dispersion. The loading method determines the relative proportions and the amount of energy consumed in fragmenting a given rock type. Unonfined tensile failure consumes the least energy with an increasing a,mount of energy required as the rock is more highly confined within a pressive stress field during fragmentation The way energy is applied by tools to cause rock or mineral fragmentation is important in deter mining fragmentation efficiency. To best design fragmentation tools and optimize fragmentation systems it would be desirable to know how rock properties influence breakage. The strength of rock is influenced by the environmental conditions imposed on the of most importance in rock are (1)confining pressure ,(2)pore fluid pressure, (3)temperature and (4)rate of load application .Increase in confining pressure, as with increasing depth beneath th earth39。其中最重要的因素是： (1)約束力， (2)空隙中的流體壓力， (3)溫度， (4)加壓的速度，約束力的增加 (如隨著高地 表深度的增加或在破巖機(jī)具的作用下而使其增加 )，使嚴(yán)石的強(qiáng)度增加。 炮棍必須用木或塑料做成。還有一些由壓力罐和注藥器組合的裝藥器。單個藥卷之間及其周圍是否充填炮泥可隨意確定。光面爆破與緩沖爆破的區(qū)別在于： (1)除炮眼口外，藥卷不用充填炮泥 ； (2)周邊眼在一茬炮眼中最后一段起爆。掏槽眼的作用是為炮眼組的其他炮眼提供一個自由面，便于爆破。甚至在同一巷道中，隨著巖石性質(zhì)的變化也要改變炮眼布置。槽眼間距，布置及裝藥槽眼可采用各種組合形式。 一組炮眼由掏槽眼、擴(kuò)槽眼、輔助眼和周邊眼組成。巷道周邊的密集炮眼的光爆層厚度 (周邊眼的抵抗值 )與眼距之比 L接近 ： 1。在松軟巖層中，要求眼距小 — 些，裝藥量少一些。壓力罐式裝藥器特別適用裝填結(jié)晶的銷銨炸藥，其裝藥能力較高。裝填散裝藥的壓風(fēng)裝藥器也已大規(guī)模地投入使用。為了設(shè)計出最好的破巖機(jī)具和最佳的破巖系統(tǒng)，需要盡可能地弄清楚巖石性質(zhì)是如何影響破巖的。s surface or under the action of a fragmentation tool, causes an increase in rock strength .Apparent rock strength decreases as porc fluid pressure increases, since it decreases the effect of confining pressure. Although chemical effects of pore fluids influence rock strength, they generally are small pared to the confining pressure effect, except for a small minority of rock types .Increase in rock temperature causes a decrease in rock effect is very small because of the small ambient temperature changes found during mining. An increase in rate of load application causes an apparent increase in rock strength. Rock exhibits directional properties that in fluence the way it breaks. These are embodied in the concept of rock fabric ,which connotes the structure or configuration of the aggregate ponents as well as the physical or mechanical property manifestations. Rock fabric ont only relates to the preferred orientation of mineral constituents and their planes of weakness, but also to the configuration of discontinuities, microcracks and and bedding planes have great influence on fragmentation at field scale. P