【正文】 RD, rd (road highway), etc. In addition, some abbreviations began with a capital letter of thumbnail type. But with the development of language, some abbreviations are into new words, so use should be in lower case. For example: RADAR, radar (radio detecting and ranging, RADAR), etc. 黑河學(xué)院 本科生 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計） 10 Some of the abbreviations can not ignore the symbols. They in the language plays an important role. For example: CAGC (mon automatic gain control, code automatic gain control), ACHF (alternating currenthigh frequency, municationhigh frequency), h / bone (herringbone, herringbone). We not only pay attention to the problems of capitalization, word translations, different pronunciation, but also to fully consider symbol when we use English. They also play an important role in English language. For example, SC is the abbreviation of sea cast, standard condition and dozens of words or phrases。 script — prescription. Cutting either the Initial Part or the Final Part. Some clipping words are created by this means and either of the two parts can 黑河學(xué)院 本科生 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計） 7 represent its form. Some examples here can explain this point clearly. For example: heli copter — helicopter, roller coaster — roller coaster. In these two examples, either “heli” or “copter” can stand for the word “helicopter”, so that people will never be confused. The same thing happens to “roller” and “coaster”, to cut the other syllables of a word and with only the initial syllable left. Sometimes, abbreviation form when the first syllables of each word in a word group are left and other syllables cut off. For instance: CRUDIV — Cruiser Division, HICOM — High Command. Blending Blending refers to two or more than two words synthesis, and synthesis abbreviated is called the word of patchwork② . There are four main kinds: 1) The first part of the word before + the after part of the second word, for example, brunch (breakfast + lunch), Oxbridge (Oxford + Cambridge). 2) The first part of the word before + the first part of the second word, for example, sit (situation + edy), modern (modulator + demodulator). 3) The first part of the word before + all of the second word, For example, medicate (medical + care), lancing (language + sign). 4) All of the first language + the after part of the second word, workfare (work + welfare), travelogue (travel + logue). Acronym Acronym is made up from the first letters of the name of an anization which has a heavily modified headword, or the first letters of an extremely long word or word group in science, technology and other special fields, such as, CAD (Computer Assisted Design)。據(jù)我查證，除了文中特別加以標(biāo)注的地方外，論文中不包含他人已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過的研究成果。 doze — bulldozer。 BASIC / bei sik / (beginner39。 S/C is sales confirmation。 ISBN (International Standard Book Number). Measurement unit of the acronym use lowercase letters with, such as meter (m/m), centimeter (cm), gram (g), etc. Some acronym can also act with other words, such as, Hbomb — hydrogen bomb 黑河學(xué)院 本科生 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計） 8 (hydrogen bombs)。 看似簡單的縮略語在組成結(jié)構(gòu)、讀音、書寫等方面均有很多很多變化規(guī)則，而且具有獨(dú)特的語言使用功能。 lab — laboratory。 Christmas — X’ mas. Summary If we learn to master the abbreviations in the position rules and basic requirements, we can not only correctly use abbreviations but also can create a muchneeded correct abbreviation in necessary. The abbreviation will have life as long as the abbreviations are reasonable simplified. I think the further study of English abbreviation laws and the structure requirements will reduce and avoid unnecessary confusion and mistakes. English abbreviations will be increasingly perfect, and the application will be more extensive. 黑河學(xué)院 本科生 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計） 9 3. The Pronunciation Rules and Writing Rules of Abbreviation in English Language Pronunciation Rules of English Language The pronunciation of the abbreviations basically divided into two kinds: one kind is the phonics, and the other is the word spelling method. Letter pronunciation of abbreviation is usually accented on the last letter, and the secondary accent is on the first letter. For example, USA / ju es39。C is the abbreviation of secret and confidential. So, we should pay special attention when we are in the use and writing abbreviations. Summary Through the study pronunciation and writing rules of the English abbreviation, it can help us right use the English abbreviations and translate accurately. 黑河學(xué)院 本科生 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計） 11 4. The Chinese Translation of English Abbreviation Transliteration Transliteration of abbreviations is translated into foreign language on the basis of the pronunciation of English. Transliteration method is simple and feasible, and likely to be accepted by the public, but it is hard on the original intent of the association. There are existing small amount of English abbreviation which are translated throug h transliteration, such as , TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language 把英語作為外語的考試 , IELTS International English Language Testing System 國際英語語言測試系統(tǒng) , AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 獲得性免疫缺陷綜合癥 , DINK Double Ine No Kids 雙收入沒有小孩的家庭 . We can easily find the transliteration method is applicable to more than four words in English phrase, but the target language can not reflect the true semantics of its etymology. People can not take TOFEL and English test relates in together and IELTS sounds like a girl39。 3P (purchasing power parities). Borrowing Law Borrowing law refers to the use of foreign words abbreviation. This kind of word e from Latin, such as, . (confer parison)。 on the other hand, it is due to fast development of social needs. English abbreviations are used in all aspects of the social life from the modern science and technology fields to the medical, foreign trade, education, economic and political. It like