【正文】 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 74 The Founder’s Role ? Many cultures, especially strong cultures, reflect the values of an anization’s founder. ? Top management strongly shapes an anization’s culture. ? Sometimes, the culture begun by the founder can cause conflict when top management wishes to see an anization change direction. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 58 Proactive Socialization Behaviours (continued) ? Job change negotiation ? Involvement in workrelated activities ? Careerenhancing strategies ? Informal mentor relationships Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 44 Socialization Tactics (continued) ? Institutionalization socialization tactics are effective in promoting uniformity of behaviour. ? When socialization is individualized, new members are more likely to take on the particular characteristics and style of those who are socializing them – uniformity is less likely. ? Institutionalized socialization is always followed up by some individualized socialization as the member joins his or her regular work unit. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 28 Methods of Socialization ? Organizations differ in terms of who does the socializing, how it is done, and how much is done. ? Most anizations make use of the following methods of socialization: – Realistic job previews – Employee orientation programs – Socialization tactics – Mentoring Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 12 The Subtle Power of Compliance ? Simple pliance can set the stage for more plete involvement with anizational norms and roles. ? The process through which this occurs in anizations is known as anizational socialization. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 5 Information Dependence ? Reliance on others for information about how to think, feel, and act. ? Information dependence gives others the opportunity to influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions via the signals they send to us. ? The effects of social information can be very strong, often exerting as much or more influence over others as objective reality. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 21 ? The new recruit encounters daytoday reality of anizational life. ? Includes formal events such as orientation programs. ? Informal aspects include getting to know and understand the style and personality of one’s boss and coworkers. ? If successful, the recruit will have plied with critical anizational norms and should begin to identify with experienced anizational members. Encounter Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 37 Sequential versus Random Tactics ? With a sequential tactic, there is a clear and fixed sequence of steps or stages leading to the assumption of the role. ? With the random tactic, there is an ambiguous or changing sequence of events. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 53 Mentoring: Research Evidence ? Mentored individuals have higher objective (., pensation) and subjective career outes (., career satisfaction). ? Mentoring tends to be more strongly related to the subjective than the objective career outes. ? The psychosocial function is more strongly related to satisfaction with the mentoring relationship. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 67 Organizations with Strong Cultures ? Some anizations that are generally agreed to have strong cultures: – Hilti (Canada) Corp. – Boston Pizza – WestJet Airlines Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 81 Stories ? The folklore of anizations – stories about past anizational events – is a mon aspect of culture. ? Stories municate “how things work” and reflect the uniqueness of anizational cultures. ? A few mon themes underlie many anizational stories. ? Issues of equality, security, and control underlie many stories. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 65 Subcultures (continued) ? Effective anizations develop an overarching culture to manage differences between subcultures. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 51 Women and Mentors ? The lack of mentors and role models is a major barrier for the career advancement of women. ? Crossgender mentorapprentice dyads are problematic for female apprentices. ? Mentoring is even more critical to women’s career success than to men’s. ? Organizations have begun to develop formal mentoring and working programs for women. ? Exclusion from informal works is a major roadblock to the advancement of women. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 35 Collective versus Individual Tactics ? When using the collective tactic, a number of new members are socialized together as a group, going through the same experiences and facing the same challenges. ? The individual tactic consists of socialization experiences that are tailormade for each new member. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 19 Stages of Organizational Socialization Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 3 Learning Objectives 5. Describe the main methods of socialization and how newers can be proactive in their socialization. 6. Define anizational culture and discuss the contributors to a culture. 7. Discuss the assets and liabilities of strong anizational cultures. 8. Describe how to diagnose an anizational culture. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 14 The Socialization Process Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 8 / Slide 30 Traditional and Realistic Job Previews Compared Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chap