【正文】 , February 26, 2023 閱讀一切好書如同和過去最杰出的人談話。 :01:4004:01Feb2326Feb23 1故人江海別，幾度隔山川。） ? 能力傾向 （指經(jīng)過適當(dāng)訓(xùn)練和被置于適當(dāng)環(huán)境下完成某項任務(wù)的可能性，而不是當(dāng)時就已經(jīng)具備的現(xiàn)實條件。 1 2 3 4 5 ? 大多數(shù)人對于自己財產(chǎn)的損失比喪父之痛記得更清楚。他以一個他認為漂亮得多的婦女取代了她。 ? 組織行為是指組織的內(nèi)部要素的相互作用以及組織外部環(huán)境的相互作用過程中所形成的行動和作為。在過去的一年里，那種測試篩去了所有女性求職者中的 90%和所有男性求職者的 30%。 Evaluating Trait 特質(zhì)理論的評價 ? Three Major Criticisms: 1. Lack of explanation 2. Stability versus change 3. Situational determinants 建立在容格心理類型論基礎(chǔ)上的 ——MBTI ?MBTI: The MyersBriggs type Indicator ?Type of test: Personality Test ?Source: Jung’ s theory of psychological types ?Method of test: Selfreport method ?Help: ? Understand yourself,your motivations,your strengths and potential areas. ? understand and appreciate those who differ from you. ? Enhance cooperation and productivity What is the MBTI MyersBriggs Type Indicator The MyersBriggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a selfreport questionnaire designed to make Jung’ s theory of psychological types understandable and useful in everyday life. MBTI results describe valuable differences between normal,healthy peopledifferences that can be the source of much misunderstanding and mismunication Jung’ s Psychological Type 容格的心理類型論 Your Mental Processes (精神活動過程） 感知 Perceiving 直覺 Intuition 感覺 Sensing 情感 Feeling 思考 Thinking 判斷 Judging 外向 Extraversion 內(nèi)向 Introversion Dimensions of Jung’ s Psychological Type 容格心理類型的維度 Does the person’ s interest flow mainly to the EXTROVERSION INTROVERSION Does the person prefer to perceive SENSING INTUITION THINKING FEELING Does the person prefer to live JUDGMENT PERCEPTION E S T J I N F P Does the person prefer to make judgments or decisions Where do you prefer to focus you attention?The EI scale E :Extraversion ? Attuned to external environment ? Prefer to municate by talking ? Learn best through doing or discussing ? Breath of interests ? Tend to speak first,reflect later ? Sociable and expressive ? Take initiative in work and relationships I: Introversion ? Drawn to their inner worlds ? Prefer to municate by writing ? Learn best by reflection, mental practice ? Depth of interests ? Tend to reflect before acting or speaking ? Private and contained ? Focus readily How do you Takein information,Discover things ? The SN Scale S: Sensing ? Focus on what is real and actual ? Value practical applications ? Factual and concrete, notice details ? Observe and remember sequentially ? Presentoriented ? Want information stepbystep ? Trust experience N: Intuition ? Focus on “ big picture,” possibilities ? Value imaginative insight ? Abstract and theoretical ? See patterns and meaning in facts ? Futureoriented ? Jump around ,leap in anywhere ? Trust inspiration How do you make decision? The TF Scale T: Thinking ? Analytical ? Logical problemsolvers ? Use causeand –effect reasoning ? “ Toughminded” ? Strive for impersonal, objective truth ? Reasonable ? Fair F: Felling ? Sympathetic ? Assess impact on people ? Guided by personal values ? “ Tenderhearted” ? Strive for harmony and individual validation ? Compassionate ? Accepting How do you orient toward the outer world ?The JP scale J: Judging ? Scheduled ? Organized ? Systematic ? Methodical ? Plan ? Like closureto have things decided ? Avoid lastminute stresses P: Perceiving ? Spontaneous ? Openended ? Casual ? Flexible ? Adapt ? Like things loose and open to change ? Feel energized by lastminute pressures What is your type ? ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ ISTP ISFP INFP INTP ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ 職業(yè)傾向 Temperament and occupations (adapted from Myers ,1985) SP Performers Entrepreneurs Troubleshooters Oneperson businesses Rescue teams SJ Managers Accountants Police Dentists Teachers NT Scientists Architects Engineers Designers Managers NF Counselors Journalists Artists Psychologists Clergy The uses of MBTI ? Selfdevelopment ? Career development and exploration ? Team building ? Management and leadership training 工作情景下的經(jīng)典個性研究 ? Locus of Control ? Machiavellianism ? Self Esteem ? Type A Personality 小測試：你是一個 ？ ? 指揮別人最好的辦法是告訴他們那些他們想聽到的話。從而有利于將最合適的人放到最合適的崗位，并在人與人之間獲得完美的工作組合。 5. 皇甫恩，“ MBTI人格類型量表的效度分析”，《心理學(xué)報》， 2023 年第3期。 :01:4004:01Feb2326Feb23 1世間成事，不求其絕對圓滿，留一份不足，可得無限完美。 2023年 2月 上午 4時 1分 :01February 26, 2023 1業(yè)余生活要有意義，不要越軌。 , February 26, 2023 很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有。） ? 知覺勝任力 （收集和組織信息，把握不同組織子系統(tǒng)前景的能力） ? 情感勝任力 （理解他人，解決持的人之間沖突的能力，包括影響和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)他人，與他人一起工作，幫助和授權(quán)等） ? 思維勝任力 （組織系統(tǒng)管理努能力，包括計劃、嘗試新想法、創(chuàng)造新途徑，研究替代方案等） （我國）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者管理技能的 情景評價研究 ? 管理勝任力評價結(jié)構(gòu) 1. 品格特征：誠信、價值觀、承諾 2. 個性特征：“大五” 3. 動機特征：成就動機、權(quán)力動機、關(guān)系動機 4. 管理技能：戰(zhàn)略決策、關(guān)系協(xié)調(diào)、授權(quán)任用、控制、開拓創(chuàng)新 5. 管理績效：過往的實效 三、 Learning 學(xué)習(xí) Definition: A relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience. Theories of Learning學(xué)習(xí)理論 ? Classical Conditioning經(jīng)典條件反射 ? Operant Conditioning操作條件反射 ? Social Learning社會學(xué)習(xí)理論 Schedules of Reinforcement 強化程序 Fixed Variable Interval Ratio Fixedinterval Fixedratio Variableinterval Variableratio Key words ? personality ? Ability