【正文】
s president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from Shenyang, capital of Northeast China39。通過控制電磁閥水開關(guān)從而達到對灌裝的量的時間控制,利用電機和減速器帶動傳送帶運送瓶子,傳感器對瓶子進行檢測,并有擋板輔助,形成一個完整的自動灌裝控制系統(tǒng),本灌裝控制系統(tǒng)具有成本低、控制系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定、灌裝量的控制時間精度高、具有良好的快速性、可控制不同大小的容器等優(yōu)點,因此具有很高的工程應(yīng)用價值和現(xiàn)實意義。 模擬調(diào)試系統(tǒng) 模擬調(diào)試系統(tǒng)如圖 53 所示,在真實的自動灌裝系統(tǒng)不是像下圖所示的模擬系統(tǒng)一樣用發(fā)光二級管代替的,模擬系統(tǒng)中顯示部分和按鍵部分與實際系統(tǒng)一致;擋板部分也是一致的,只是在實際的系統(tǒng)中用到的步進電機功率要比模擬系統(tǒng)中的大,液位傳感器也報警電路也是與實際 系統(tǒng)是一致的;傳送帶工作裝置由一個 LED燈代替,實際系統(tǒng)中要有交流電機和減速控制箱還有傳送帶組成,所以這里不再模擬。 } } 系統(tǒng)工作子程序 將設(shè)定好的加料時間保存到應(yīng)該加料時間內(nèi),傳送帶電機工作,有擋板擋住的情況下檢測到有容器的到來就 會按照之前設(shè)定好的是假開始加料,以下是實現(xiàn)此功能的程序。 delay(2)。 gongzuo()。 P2 = 0xfb。 P0 = du[h]。//液體是否完畢檢測傳感器 sbit dong = P1^3。有容器到來檢測接近開關(guān)在模擬系統(tǒng)中我用按鍵 JISHU來代替,當檢測到有瓶子時,即按住 JISHU鍵時,開始加料,加料時間到擋板轉(zhuǎn)動 90度,灌裝滿的瓶子通過,擋板繼續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)動 90度回到擋住狀態(tài),一次工作完成。所 以首先主軸上大齒輪的傳動比 i = 6,電動機的小齒輪與減速器上大帶輪的傳動比 i = 2,則減速器上輸入的轉(zhuǎn)速為 700r/min,輸出轉(zhuǎn)速為 30r/min, 調(diào)速的時候可以改變大小齒輪來改變輸出的轉(zhuǎn)速,如下圖所示的電機調(diào)速系統(tǒng),在此系統(tǒng)中選用的電機以及減速箱是東方傳動公司的一整套配合產(chǎn)品,它的 CAD圖如圖 29所示,此電機的實物圖如下圖 210所示,因為電機調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的選擇,傳送帶的調(diào)速是有一定的范圍的,并且調(diào)速也不是線性調(diào)速,而是一個階段一個階段的調(diào)速的,所以為了能實現(xiàn)容器和加料是相互配合到一起,系統(tǒng)正常工作 ,需要操作員工放緩給傳送帶放容器的速度,或者加快放容器的速度,這個取決于員工所選擇的電機速度 [10]。 基于 51 單片機的自動灌裝控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 8 圖 23 電磁繼電器原理圖 圖 24 電磁繼電器實物圖 用電磁繼電器控制電路的好處:用低電壓控制高電壓;遠距離控制;自動控制。另外, AT89S52 可降基于 51 單片機的自動灌裝控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 7 至 0Hz 靜態(tài)邏輯操作,支持 2種軟件可選擇節(jié)電模式。 根據(jù)以上論述,采用方案二。 ( 3) 擋板驅(qū)動模塊 在本設(shè)計中,要對傳送帶上的瓶子進行攔截,使其能夠安全穩(wěn)定地灌裝, 對擋板驅(qū)動模塊有以下兩種方案。 ( 3)灌裝的計數(shù)個數(shù)范圍: 0~ 9999個?;?51 單片機的自動灌裝控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 1 基于 AT89S52 單片機的自動灌裝控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 引 言 隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,自動控制在現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的許多領(lǐng)域中大量使用,自動控制技術(shù)起著愈來愈重要的作用,人們的生產(chǎn)生活中已經(jīng)離不開自動控制,并且,隨著生產(chǎn)和科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,自動化水平也越來越高 [1]。 ( 4)用兩個四位數(shù)碼管分別顯示灌裝的個數(shù)和單個灌裝量的時間。 方案一:利用兩個紅外線傳感器和一個直流小電機來實現(xiàn)擋板的功能,由于直流小電機的存在,基于 51 單片機的自動灌裝控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 4 在系統(tǒng)搭建的時候要用到變壓器降低 220V 的交流電,還要用到整流橋?qū)⒔档偷慕涣麟娮兂芍绷麟姾蠊┙o直流小電機使用,這將增加控制系統(tǒng)的成本;同時,小電機轉(zhuǎn)速快,控制起來不太容易。本系統(tǒng)中,采用了數(shù)碼管的動態(tài)顯示,節(jié)省單片機的內(nèi)部資源??臻e模式下, CPU停止工作,允許 RAM、定時器 /計數(shù)器、串口、中斷繼續(xù)工作。本設(shè)計選用的是鴻龍牌的 JQX38F小型大功率繼電器,參數(shù)選擇為:線圈電壓 AC380V;額定電流 40A;觸點數(shù) 6觸點(三常開,三常閉)。 圖 29 減速箱與電機配合圖 圖 210 減速箱與電機配合實物圖 電磁水開關(guān)性能描述 電磁水開關(guān)(水閥)原理 電磁水開關(guān)主要由導(dǎo)閥和主閥組成,主閥采用橡膠密封結(jié)構(gòu)。這是整個工作的部分,當瓶子在加料時間未到時突然滑倒,從擋板下方過去,接近開關(guān)檢測不到瓶子時,此時報警器響,提醒工作人員出現(xiàn)異常情況,并且未灌裝完 成的產(chǎn)品不計入產(chǎn)量中,還有一種情況是原料儲存容器中沒有原料時也會報警,提醒工作人員,此時不進行加料工作。//繼電器控制電動機通電位 sbit miao =P1^4。 P2 = 0xbf。 delay(2)。 fengming()。 step7。 void gongzuo() //功能子函數(shù) { uchar xian0。 基于 51 單片機的自動灌裝控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 25 圖 53 模擬調(diào)試系統(tǒng) 系統(tǒng)安裝帶傳動的設(shè)計說明 按照下面的計算可以確定帶傳動的各個參數(shù)要求: 取帶輪的傳動比 i=2,小帶輪轉(zhuǎn)速 n1=1400r/min,電動機的額定功率 P=,一天運轉(zhuǎn)時間大于 12小時。 在本設(shè)計中,我通過查閱網(wǎng)絡(luò)與 圖書館搜集到的資料,以及指導(dǎo)老師的指導(dǎo)與建議,在確定課題和研究方向上,通過對單片機的工作原理及自動灌裝控制理論的理解和研究,設(shè)計出了這一套自動灌裝控制系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)和軟件結(jié)構(gòu),基本上完成了任務(wù)書的要求,通過調(diào)試,此進瓶控制方法能夠達到這個灌裝系統(tǒng)的灌裝要求,各個部分從進瓶、灌裝到出瓶之間的協(xié)調(diào)能力能夠穩(wěn)定地運行。s Liaoning province, decades ago. The solider gave the old man a handmade saddle when they bid farewell. The story inspired Nasun to write Carved Saddle, a song that later became one of his most popular numbers. Now, every year, Nasun recruits young singers and dancers for the troupe. The troupe has also designed a new repertoire, which is mostly based on the daily lives of Mongolian people, especially the lives of nomadic families, and has bined contemporary musical elements with folk songs of the region. Haimu, a 25yearold khoomei (a local variant of overtone singing) singer, joined the troupe three years ago. Along with a sixmember band, he performs fast songs and soft ones that he writes- all while playing the horsehead fiddle.Although I learned the piano since childhood and grew up listening to various kinds of music, to me, the folk music of Inner Mongolia is the root, he says. Performing in remote villages is pleasant. I feel at home on the boundless grasslands, and the warm people there make me feel fulfilled. The first round of spring auction season in Beijing ended last week, but it failed to create much spring in the art market. Although two pieces of Chinese painting fetched more than 100 million yuan, the decline in trading volume and sa le rate showed a downturn this year. In the ―Grand View: Chinese Painting Highlight‖ session at China Guardian 2020 spring auctions, Pan Tianshou’s representative work Eagle, Rock and Flora hit a record auction price of 279 million yuan, while Li Keran’s masterwork Jinggang Mountain fetched million yuan, an unexpected high in recent years. However, the trading volume fells to billion yuan from billion yuan in the same period the year before. The Huangchen 2020 Spring Auctions, which recorded million yuan in total sales, experienced the same. The s ection number went down to 5 from 12 pared to last year. According to expert Shao Jianwu, the art market did not attract much excitement this year due to the booming stock market and the persistent problems of fery and fake deals. The two pieces of Chinese painting notched up high price this spring due to their own value not due to a revival in the market. The successful transaction of two works with a hammer price of more than 100 million yuan once again confirms that valuable and rare works of high quality always earn the longlasting high price. Chinese painting and calligraphy is still the pillar of the market. However, the overall sales rate has dropped slightly, which reflects the demand for the ordinary auction goods has weakened,‖ said the president of China Guardian’s Hu Yanyan. Besides, the entry of new buyers also makes certain changes to the direction of purchasing. In a word, the overall market trend is very unpredictable. Although China Guardian 2020 Spring Auctions has achieved remarkable results, it does not mean that the market has walked out of the predicament. We still have to wait for the big economic boom to invigorate the art market.‖ Even so, the hot pursuit of some special items appeared this spring. A special session of China Guardian Spring Auctions titled ―Fine Gilt—Bronze