【正文】 and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly acpanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the munity, the interaction and confrontation between shared and peting beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the munity’s credible discovery. 　　 Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as inplete or incorrect. Little reward acpanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is newsearch, not research. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert AzentGyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.　　 In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim – a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the mons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and plete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”　　 31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its　　 [A] uncertainty and plexity.　　 [B] misconception and deceptiveness.　　 [C] logicality and objectivity.　　 [D] systematiess and regularity.　　 32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires　　 [A] strict inspection.　　 [B]shared efforts.　　 [C] individual wisdom.　　 [D]persistent innovation.　　 3 shows that a discovery claim bees credible after it　　 [A] has attracted the attention of the general public.　　 [B]has been examined by the scientific munity.　　 [C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.　　 [D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.　　 34. Albert SzentGy246。s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.　　I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children39。C ranked D conflictC establishedRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)　　D recognize 　　2 A whenD founded 　　6. A resistantC denyB sinceC divisions D accountable　　20. A by all meanss nature 　　[C] researches into children39。 Association instead. ( 10 points)　　Part B 　　52. Directions:　　Write an essay of 160200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 　　describe the picture briefly,　　explain its intended meaning, and　　give your ments.　　You should write neatly on answer sheet 2.。 DNA 　　B Blue used to be regarded as the color for girls 　　C Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing genders 　　D White is preferred by babies 　　28 The author suggests that our perception of children39。B. amiableD tied　　15. A concepts 　　8. A evadeB caught B maintainJustices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be____ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _____ by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself_______ to the code of conduct that ______to the rest of the federal judiciary. 　　B promisedB sticksB express B exploit clothes. It was only after toddler became mon shoppers39。 now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of publicsector workers but only about 15% of privatesector ones are unionized. 　　 There are three reasons for the publicsector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and welleducated. A quarter of America’s publicsector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate leftofcentre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from publicsector unions. 　　 At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.　　 In many rich countries average wages in the state secto