【正文】 Note 2: 現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào) 結(jié)果和影響 ；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作 仍在進(jìn)行 。 五、過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別 雖然這兩種時態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1. 時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時間。 said that she had seen the film before he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before, after 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，由于 before 和 after本身已表達(dá)了動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。 用法三： 過去發(fā)生的動作到現(xiàn)在為止已完成或剛完成。 2)不能與 when連用 3).現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用 用法一： 表示 ( 不確定的 ) 過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或造成結(jié)果。 I have met her several times. 用法四： 表示過去發(fā)生的一次或多次的動作，一般漢語譯為“過”，常帶有 once， twice, three times等頻度時間狀語 特殊句型： is + 時間段 since +一般過去時的 句子 . 2年了。clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 過去的時間點(diǎn)。如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，還有繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能） 5. 過去完成時也用于 hardly...when...（剛 ?就 ?） no sooner...than... （剛 ?就 ?） , It was the first time + that等一些固定句型中。 1. I’ve been typing letters all day. （ I am very tired. ） 一整天都在打信件。（陳述事實(shí)） ? I have been waiting for two hours. ? 我等了兩個小時。 用法二： 表示一個從過去某時開始的動作一直延續(xù)到說話時剛結(jié)束。此時多與already， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等時間副詞及 by ， before ， until 等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有： （ 1 ） by + 過去的時間點(diǎn)。 I haven’t received his letter for a long time. He hasn’t married since he broke up with his girlfriend. 動作 狀態(tài) die be over leave arrive begin end/finish join marry be away be here be on(上演） be married be in be dead 由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 ★ buy My brother has had(不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years. ★ 用 keep或 have代替 borrow I have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ★ 用 be替代 bee How long has your sister been a teacher? ★ 用 have a cold代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ★ 用 wear代替 put on b)用“ be＋形容詞”代終止性動詞 be＋ married代 marry be＋ ill代 fall (get) ill be＋ asleep代 fall (get) asleep be＋ awake代 wake/wake up be＋ open代 open be closed代 close/shut be＋ missing (gone, lost) 代 lose 用法三： 表示一個過去發(fā)生的動作到現(xiàn)在為止已完成或剛剛完成。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since he was born . Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? since: (自 … 以來 ) 1)since+時間點(diǎn) He has stayed here since 5 o’clock. 2)since+ 時間段 + ago He has stayed here since 5 hours ago. 3)since+ 從句 She has taught English since he came here. for: (長達(dá)） for+ 時間段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks. since , for 的用法 : Take notes 用 for 或 since填空 1. Mr. Brown has had his TV ______ 15 years. 2. I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month. 3. My sister has had her cell phone ______a month . 4. My friends haven’t visited me ______my birthday. 5.