【正文】 s role is reduced to either ratification or veto The debating chamber of the European Parliament Executive ? The executive in a legal system serve as a government39。法律英語案例賞析 李想 Syllabus introduction of law for Constitution/Criminal Law/Civil Law/Contract Law/Company Law/Copyright Law/Environment Protection Law/Property Law/Law of Marriage/ debate or discussion over moives. Notice ? No homework but do review the lecture. ? Attendence is very important.(Absence: 3 times). Contacts ? Email address: Lady Justice is the symbol of the is depicted as a goddess equipped with three symbols of the rule of law: a sword symbolizing the court39。s centre of political authority. In a parliamentary system, as with Britain, Italy, Germany, India, and Japan, the executive is known as the cabi, and posed of members of the legislature. The executive is chosen by the Prime Minister or Chancellor, whose office holds power under the confidence of the legislature. Because popular elections appoint political parties to govern, the leader of a party can change in between elections. The head of state is apart from the executive, and he/she usually lacks formal political power yet symbolically enacts laws and acts as representative of the nation. Examples include the German president (appointed by the Parliament)。 governmental institutions and officers exert thus various forms of influence on the judiciary. Legislature ? Prominent examples of legislatures are the Houses of Parliament in London, the Congress in Washington ? To pass legislation, a majority of Members of Parliament must vote for a bill (proposed law) in each house. Normally there will be several readings and amendments proposed by the different political factions. If a country has an entrenched constitution, a special majority for changes to the constitution will be required, making changes to the law more difficult. A government usually leads the process, which can be formed from Members of Parliament (. the UK or Germany). But in a presidential system, an executive appoints a cabi to govern from his or her political allies whether or not they are elected (. the United States or Brazil), and the legislature39。s coercive power。 the Queen of the United Kingdom (a hereditary title). The other important model is the presidential system, found in France, the . and Russia. In presidential systems, the executive acts as both head of state and head of government, and has power to appoint an unelected cabi. Under a presidential system, th