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口譯理論與實踐(專業(yè)版)

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【正文】 t be pure and man can39。 ) ? 7. 禍從口出,言多必失:有人譯為: The mouth is the gate of misfortune and evil. 老外聽了,恐怕不能完全理解。例如: 常見漢語俗語英譯技巧 (續(xù)) ? Looking out upon the sea of faces, Mr. A delivered a touching speech.(望著一片人山人海的聽眾, A先生發(fā)表一篇動人的演說。流利必須是在及時、準(zhǔn)確、完整、清楚、自然基礎(chǔ)上的流利。婉轉(zhuǎn)自然的口譯應(yīng)說:“ There‘s been some fact is …‖ ? ―你們應(yīng)試投資那個項目 ——you should invest in that project.‖這種譯法有點指手劃腳的味道;不妨自然一點: It is advisable to invest that project. ? 下面的一些常用語,不時會聽到比較生硬的譯語,特選幾例作對比: ? ‘s work closer together. ? 生硬:讓我們更加緊密地一起工作。是在港口種菜,還是養(yǎng)豬?有的地方指的是在一個大港區(qū)里建立出口導(dǎo)向型的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工業(yè)。 ? Nuts and bolts 指小五金,在這里是關(guān)鍵性的詞。下面的口譯實例,完整性就有問題,因而效果不好: ? (一)漏譯與責(zé)任心 ? 例 1:我們通過多種形式集資修建水電站,有自己的資金,有亞行、世行的貸款。 The Criteria of Interpretation ? 例 11:去年外貿(mào)出口總額達(dá)到 136億美元。 ? 說話人是一位美國證券公司的大老板 ,介紹他們在德國業(yè)務(wù) ,聽者是我們一位副省級的政府官員。譯員通常應(yīng)該在 3到 4秒之內(nèi)脫口而出,連續(xù)翻譯講者的話。 ? 從以上兩例可以看出,講話人在說的過程中,邊想邊說,邊說邊想,有停頓、重復(fù)、口頭禪,用詞隨意性較大,結(jié)構(gòu)松散,逐步把意見表達(dá)得更加明確。 Miss Lucy knocked the nurse。 Where‘s the peck of pickled pepper Peter Piper picked? Warming –up4 ? Johnny got a spanking 喬尼被打屁股 ? Down by the ocean, down by the sea, Johnny broke a bottle and blamed it all on me. I told ma, ma told pa. Johnny got a spanking so,ha!ha!ha! How many spankings did he get? 1,2,3,4,5,6… ? Catch a tiger by the toe 抓老虎抓腳 ? Eenie, Meenie, Minie, Moe, Catch a tiger by the toe。 His name was tiny Tim. She put him in the bathtub to see if he could swim. He drank all the water and ate all the soap。 (梅德明, 1996) ? 口譯不是單純意義上的言語行為,而是一種涉及諸多知識層面的跨文化的交際行為。 ? 口譯:我們可以說,我們的產(chǎn)品是市場上最好的。 ? 譯語貌合神離。還有橡皮筋 rubber band, 門插銷 bolt, 洗澡用的香波 shampoo,男士用的古龍香水cologne 等等。造成漏譯一般有三種原因: ? 責(zé)任心不強,可以說是偷工減料 ? 記不住,可稱為丟三拉四 ? 聽不懂,可叫作無可奈何 ? 口譯的完整性,不一定體現(xiàn)在原話的詞語、結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性,而是主要體現(xiàn)在思想、內(nèi)容和要點的完整上。以上兩種漏譯屬于不盡心的表現(xiàn)。 ? 改譯:那邊就是 18世紀(jì)后期發(fā)生的“波士頓傾茶事件”的地點。 ? 原譯: Not at all. It‘s our duty. And we have not done well enough. ? 地道: It‘s our pleasure.( And a lot of things might have been done better.) ? 例 3:您年紀(jì)這么大,身體還是那么健康! ? 原譯: Your age is senior but you still look so healthy! ? 地道: You look great!或 You look so young! ? 英美人忌諱別人說自己年紀(jì)大,除非是自嘲。 ? 生硬: Wele you to e again. ? 地道: Come again. ? 。s Courts ? 人民法庭庭長 Chief Judge, People39。 ) ? 對學(xué)生也可以說: If you study hard every day, exams will not seem overwhelming. (如果你每天用功,考試就不會形成壓力。 ring out the old year and ring in the new 常用成語英漢互譯 (2) ? 大事化小,小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all ? 大開眼界 open one39。 throw a sprat to catch a whale ? 破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat; burn one?s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the en。s best 。美語里一般說法是: ? Worship God every day。s Congress ? 國務(wù)院總理 Premier, State Council ? 國務(wù)委員 State Councilor ? 秘書長 SecretaryGeneral ? (國務(wù)院各委員會)主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for ? (國務(wù)院各部)部長 Minister ? 部長助理 Assistant Minister ? 司長 Director ? 局長 Director ? 省長 Governor ? 常務(wù)副省長 Executive Vice Governor ? 自治區(qū)人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People39。 ? 生硬: You first. ? 地道: After you. ? 。否則,譯語聽起來就會感覺生硬,言不由衷,甚至令人誤解。 ? (五)記不住漏譯 ? 口譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)四:易懂 ? 譯員在考慮聽者的接受能力的基礎(chǔ)上,可以在無損愿意的范圍內(nèi),對詞語作些必要的加工、解釋,適當(dāng)作技術(shù)性的補充說明。 ? 據(jù)說中央某部一位副部長有一回給美國一批客人介紹中國文化管理的體制和機構(gòu),有一段話講了近 10分鐘,譯員卻用三四句話就翻譯完畢。翻譯殘缺不全,聽者就得不到完整的信息,無法作出恰當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)付。 ? (四)名詞術(shù)語走樣 ? 例 6:我兒子特別喜歡喝酸奶。 ? 例 2: That‘s a very good price. ? 原譯:那是個很好的價錢??谧g似乎顯得有些啰嗦。如:文成公主婚嫁西域;馬可 .波羅東游華夏。 But a bit of better butter, That would make my batter better. So she bought a bit of butter Better than her bitter butter, And she put it in her batter. And the batter was not bitter. So it was better Betty Botter Bought a bit of better butter. Warmingup9 ? Engine, engine, 機車 ,機車 ,第 9號 ? Engine, engine, , Going down Chicago Line。 If he hollers,let him go. My mother told me to choose the very best one! Warming –up5 ? My mother gave me 50cents 媽媽給我 5角錢 ? My mother gave me 50cents To see the elephant jump the fence. He jumped so high, He reached the sky, And didn39。 and would to God My dad had done the same. Warmingup13 ? Two pigeons 兩只鴿子 ? I had two pigeons bright and gay, They flew from me the other day. What was the reason they did go? I cannot tell, for I do not know. ? Love 愛情 ? ’ Tis time this heart should be unmoved, Since others it hath ceased to move: Yet, though I cannot be beloved, Still let me love! Warmingup14 ? She sells seashells她賣海貝殼 ? She sells seashells on the seashore??陬^語言則對思維的敏捷性、隨機應(yīng)變能力要求高一些,書面語則對思維的周密性、用詞的準(zhǔn)確性、結(jié)構(gòu)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性,要求比口語高一些。 The Criteria of Interpretation ? 口譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)二:準(zhǔn)確 ? 口譯的準(zhǔn)確性,指的是翻譯傳遞原話的意思不走樣,與講話人的意圖相吻合,與講話的背景、語境相吻合,專有術(shù)語確切規(guī)范,關(guān)鍵術(shù)語貼切準(zhǔn)確,數(shù)字、計算單位精確無誤。事實上 ,老板并沒有這個意思 ,也沒有說“經(jīng)濟情況” ,―應(yīng)該去參觀參觀” ,只是譯員一廂情愿地發(fā)揮、解釋。 ? 原譯 :The phone peration rate this year is two times more over the year before last. ? 正確 : The telephone peration rate this year quadruples that of the year before last. ? (六 )習(xí)語不地道 ? 例 13:Those are only teething problems. ? 原譯 :那些僅僅是牙痛的問題。多渠道集資也是我們發(fā)展這么快的重要原因之一。 ? (四)漏譯與粗心 ? 例 4:問: Is there a strong demand for atomic energy? Is atomic energy widespread in China? ? 原譯:中國的核電普遍嗎? ? 回答:不普遍,目前只有秦山和大亞灣核電站 …… ? 原譯漏掉問題的前半部:對核能的需求量大嗎?核電站少不 =需求量少。 ? 原譯: Threehigh agriculture is one of our priorities in development. ? 改譯: It is one of our priorities to develop agriculture of high quality,high yield and high returns. ? 英美人偏好分析思維,次序由小到大,從具體到一般;中國人偏重綜合思維,次序由大到小,從一般到具體,善于歸納,把豐富的內(nèi)容概括為數(shù)字簡略語。 The Criteria of Interpretation ? 2. I feel terrible. ? 生硬:我感到很可怕。這種不是合格的流利,比不流利更糟糕。) ? 可見,說話者通常要在臺上或高處,才有「人?!沟母杏X。 或 The less said the better. (說的愈少愈好 ) ? 甚至也可以說: Shut the mouth and open the eyes. (閉嘴少說,張眼多看。 a hedge between keeps friendship green ? 老生常談,陳詞濫調(diào) cut and dried, clich233。 beyond is as wrong as falling short。 或 Say one thing and do another. ? 6. 一言既出,駟馬難追:有人譯成: One word lets slip
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