【正文】 so a large number of concrete images are used to illustrate abstract concepts. Just as noted by Flesch, “while English people fill their talk with masses of empty syllables and words, Chinese keep their feet on the ground and says everything in the most concrete, specific words. They have to。III. Conversion into Chinese ObjectsActually this kind of conversion is closely related to the passive habit in English, which is further elaborated in the next chapter. As “a kind of changed verb forms in English,” passive voice “expresses the logical verbobject relationships between predicate verb and its subject,” and its subject is “actually the receiver of the predicateverb action” (Yan 116119). What’s more, “the passive is especially used in English sentences where it is unnecessary or undesirable to mention the agent” (Zandvoort 53). Because sentences using the passive voice are not so mon in Chinese, English subjects are generally converted into Chinese objects. Here is an illustrative example.Example 22:As the match burns, heat and light are given off.火柴燃燒時(shí)發(fā)出光和熱。Here, “the rich” referring to people of some kind is converted into a Chinese noun. Example 9:It is highly important to distinguish between the false and the truth.最重要的是分清是非。注意各級(jí)標(biāo)題大小寫(xiě)，確保目錄中的標(biāo)題、頁(yè)碼與正文中的標(biāo)題、頁(yè)碼保持對(duì)應(yīng)。 they are usually converted into nouns.i. Converting English Verb into Chinese NounBecause some English verbs describing the characteristics or properties of the subject are difficult to express in exact corresponding Chinese verbs, they are often converted into Chinese nouns so as to achieve a satisfactory translation. Here is an illustrative example.Example 6:To them, he personified the absolute power.在他們看來(lái)，他就是絕對(duì)權(quán)威的化身。 accordingly, in some circumstances, the core word in the adjective phrase is turned into subject in Chinese so that the translation is smooth and idiomatic. Here is an example to illustrate this point.Example 20:We look forward to an everincreasing volume of business with your factory.我方盼望與貴方工廠(chǎng)的交易額日益提高。Here, the subject in the original English sentence is converted into the Chinese prepositional phrase, which provides information about the place where the event happened. Thus a successful translation is achieved through the reorganization of the sentence.iv. Converting Impersonal Subjects and Split English Sentences, Simple or Complex, into Chinese Compound or Runon SentencesAs we know, a pound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences. Additionally, a runon sentence in Chinese refers to running together of two independent clauses without a conjunction or even punctuation, though the socalled runon sentences are considered as incorrect forms in English. “As Mr. Lv Shuxiang indicates, there are many runon sentences in Chinese spoken language, with one small sentence after another, and even many parts can be broken” (Wang 141). Therefore, by means of conversion, we may convert English impersonal subjects into Chinese personal ones and split English sentences, simple or plex, into Chinese pound or runon sentences.Example 32:The happiness — the superior advantages of the young woman round about her, gave Rebacca inexpressible pangs of envy. (W. Thackeray: Vanity Fair)麗貝卡看見(jiàn)她周?chē)男〗隳敲锤?，享受種種優(yōu)越的權(quán)利，卻又說(shuō)不出的眼紅。IV. Conversion from the Passive into the ActiveAlthough active and passive voices are used in both Chinese and English, the frequencies they present themselves in the two languages are quite different. “Our massed, scientific, and bureaucratic society is so addicted to the passive voice that you must constantly alert yourself against its drowsy, impersonal pomp” (Baker 121). The passive voice is quite mon in English, but not in Chinese. Chinese language carries with it a strong personal consciousness. Action in a sentence is done by the subject “man,” while “things” or “objects” generally do not take the place of the doer or the agent. The third section of chapter two has illustrated that the conversion from English subjects into Chinese objects is closely related to the passive habit in English. Another illustrative example is as follows:Example 36:Her plans for a movie career are believed to have all been merely a pipe dream.有人認(rèn)為她當(dāng)電影明星的計(jì)劃不過(guò)是黃粱美夢(mèng)。V. Conversion into Chinese ComplementsIt is known that, in English, adverbials most monly take the form of adverbs, adverb phrases or prepositional phrases to modify verbs. However, Chinese sentences are typically concerned with the result and direction of a verb, which is sometimes referred to by Western texts as double verbs. The active verb of a sentence is followed by a second verb which indicates either the result of the first action, or the direction in which it takes the subject. A plement of result usually indicates either an absolute oute or a possible oute. To illustrate, in the expression 聽(tīng)得懂 (“to be able to understand something you hear”), the verb聽(tīng) (“to listen”) will serve as the active verb, and 懂 (“to understand”) will serve as the plement of result. Another illustrative example is as follows.Example 25:The attractive force between the molecules is negligibly small.分子間的吸引力小得可以忽略不計(jì)。ii. Converting English Adverb into Chinese Adjective As a result of the conversion from some English verbs into Chinese nouns, the adverbs which modify the English verbs are naturally converted into Chinese adjectives to modify the Chinese nouns. Here is an example to illustrate this point.Example 12:His speech impressed the audience deeply.他的演講給聽(tīng)眾留下了很深的印象。Conversion, as a grammatical phenomenon, has been a hot subject in the field of linguistic research. Since source language and target language are quite different in nature and use, and the target text should convey the meaning of the source text in the closest natural manner, conversion bees one of the most effective techniques to seek in the target language the equivalent information of the source language.A clear and corre