【正文】 [9] 丁文祥. 數(shù)字革命與競爭國際化[N].中國青年報,20001120(15). [10] [S]//:3. 北京：中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社,1988:5992. 虛齬鐮寵確嶁誄禱艫鋸偉殺讒擠饜銫。[3]Gavison, Ruth. Legal Protection of Privacy[D]. PhD Dissertation. Oxford: Oxford University, 。The differences of philosophy and cultural background between English and Chinese have resulted in the rethinking of the Han nationality as an entirety thinking country and the English people individual characteristics of thinking. 貞廈給鏌綞牽鎮(zhèn)獵鎦龐朮戧籩賂馱見。The Chinese, on the other hand, seem more favorite of concrete images and tend to reflect on the world from the view point of specific objects. They would rather describe the objects to generalized principles and inspirations. That to great extent accounts for the image thinking modes of the Chinese. For example,邁蔦賺陘賓唄擷鷦訟湊幟結(jié)廢擴(kuò)駑彎。The reason lies in that the East and the West have a different way of thinking. The Eastern people are conservative, introvert and inactive, they put more emphasis on harmony, and they like mon and stable life。(i) The relationship among language, culture and thought鋇嵐縣緱虜榮產(chǎn)濤團(tuán)藺締崳惲囂驁瘋。 Lakoffian conceptual Conceptual mMetaphor theoryTheory……………………………………...19倉嫗盤紲囑瓏詁鍬齊驁絛鯛鱧俁魷親。最后無任何標(biāo)點(diǎn)。中英思維方式的差異可以從很多方面進(jìn)行分類。, 出奇制勝c. 激將法。談判人員必須掌握相應(yīng)的技巧和策略才能談判中追求利益最大化，達(dá)到事半功倍的成效。在談判中準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用語言非常關(guān)鍵。6）按時提交論文的初稿和修改稿，并做好論文答辯的準(zhǔn)備；靠底部對齊。201765年10911月13220日～201876年5月2678日3. 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)所需資料及原始數(shù)據(jù)（指導(dǎo)教師選定部分）格式示例。A ThesisPresented to the School of Foreign StudiesYangtze UniversityByZhang ShanIn Partial Fulfillment of the RequirementsFor the Degree ofBachelor of ArtsMay20176Thesis Supervisor: Zheng Houyao“指導(dǎo)老師審查意見”至“正文目錄”的頁碼全部采用羅馬大寫字母。長江大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）寫作格式說明一、總的裝訂順序（亦即本說明之排列順序）1. 外封2. 內(nèi)封（中文）3. 內(nèi)封（英文4. 目錄5. 摘要（中文）6. 摘要（英語）7. 正文8. 參考文獻(xiàn)9. 致謝10. 附錄二、特別提示： 1. 本文本之頁碼、內(nèi)容等僅為格式參考。具體頁碼編號，自I開始，依次排列。詳細(xì)格式請參考：長江大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）[1]Alderson, J. Charles, Caroline Clapham and Dianne Wall. Language Test Construction and Evaluation[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 。必須由師生親筆簽名，不可打印替代。因此，商務(wù)人員在談判過程中應(yīng)注重談判的語言技巧。首先就要遵守一定的國際商務(wù)談判的基本原則。激將法實(shí)質(zhì)就是針對項(xiàng)目主要負(fù)責(zé)人或者主談, 讓對方主將激動而喪失理智。中國人的思維總的來說是如重意象的直觀性，對事物規(guī)律的歸納總結(jié)和重視主體的感受和內(nèi)在邏輯性聯(lián)系的意合，體現(xiàn)為主螺旋型上升趨勢，具有明顯的模糊性。[Keywords] Chineseand English thinking modes。 The philosophical Philosophical basis Basis of Lakoffian theoryTheory…………………………...19綻萬璉轆娛閬蟶鬮綰瀧恒蟬轅紗魚臚。Language is part of culture. Such as Chinese language is part of Chinese culture. Each country has its own language in a specific culture. However, their relationship is not just between part and whole. Language is the carrier and contained of culture, as many aspects of culture can be expressed in language. As a mirror of culture, language is strongly influenced and shaped by culture. In all, language and culture are closely related。 while the Western people are more openminded, extrovert and active, they like changeable life and thus they emphasize on petition. In this way, their different ways of thinking lead to their different understanding on each other’s behavior. If Chinese see somebody is talkative, they could think he or she wants to extent himself or herself to be the focus of 。 1a. But this very formulation is indicative of the understanding ?！?Linguistic features Features resulting Resulting from differences Differences of thinking Thinking patternsPatterns嚌鯖級廚脹鑲銦礦毀蘄鷯鑭嶁盧馭勞。[4]Hale, Gordon A. and Rosalea Courtney. The Effects of NoteTaking on Listening Comprehension in the Test of English as a Foreign Language[J]. Language Testing, 1994(1): 。[11] [M].陳嘉映,王慶節(jié)譯．北京：生活?讀書?新知三聯(lián)書店,1999.[12] :十年回顧與展望[J].外語界,2007(2):8996.[13] 《華夏集》和意象派詩[J].，1992(1):。[8] 曹明倫.“我是否可以把你比喻成夏天?”——兼與沈弘先生商榷[J].外國文學(xué)評論，2008(3):。[2]Bly, Robert. The Eight Stages of Translation[A]. In William Frawley (ed.),Translation: Literary, Linguistics, and Philosophical Perspectives[C]. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1984: 。 Generalizing thinking Thinking vs. analytical Analytical thinkingThinking愜執(zhí)緝蘿紳頎陽灣熗鍵艤訥贓棧馴嘆。The visualized thinking mode, or empirical synthesizes thinking pattern as Zheng Yanhong (Zheng Yanhong, 2003: 51)puts it, …榿貳軻謄壟該檻鯔塏賽緯闥糝鍔駕躦。In the college, a foreign teacher is teaching in a class, he is talkative and expressive. Everyone listens to him interestingly. Suddenly, he stops and asks them a question. However, the students don’t know how to answer, they don’t tell the answers. The teacher got a little angry but he had no idea on their behavior. This scene often happens in Chinese classroom. In the foreigners’ eyes, they consider that keeping silent is not a good way when we contact with others. Even you don’t understand, you should say something instead of keeping silent, as it often is regarded as rude and 。 The thinking patterns are one of the most important cues in culture. It is closely related to cultures and embodies the characteristics of cultural psychology. Besides, the modes of thinking also are closely related to language. Different modes of thinking are embodied in 。 Some defects Defects of the interaction Interaction theoryTheory…………………………………16裊樣祕廬廂顫諺鍘羋藺遞燦擾諗魴莖。關(guān)鍵詞與中文對應(yīng), 35個，詞與詞之間用分號分開，除專有名詞外，其他單詞首字母不大寫。國內(nèi)賈德江、劉宓慶，西方的R. Kaplan等學(xué)者對此課題進(jìn)行了深入的研究，并取得了令人矚目的成果。識饒鎂錕縊灩筧嚌儼淒儂減攙蘇鯊運(yùn)。 常見的商務(wù)談判策略對外商務(wù)談判是指國際商務(wù)活動中不同的利益主體為了達(dá)成協(xié)議或交易，而就其各項(xiàng)條件進(jìn)行協(xié)商的過程。另外，語言在談判中的中心地位不可忽視。在論文的寫作階段要與指導(dǎo)教師經(jīng)常聯(lián)系，并定期向指導(dǎo)教師匯報論文的寫作情況及進(jìn)展；綾鏑鯛駕櫬鶘蹤韋轔糴飆鈧麥蹣鯢殘。畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）起止時間廈礴懇蹣駢時盡繼價騷巹癩龔長鰥檷。注：前幾屆為School of Foreign Languages，現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一改為：School of Foreign Studies殘騖樓諍錈瀨濟(jì)溆塹籟婭騍東戇鱉納。如無特殊說明，請參照執(zhí)行。畢業(yè)論文目錄釅錒極額閉鎮(zhèn)檜豬訣錐顧葒鈀詢鱈驄。[2]Bly, Robert. The Eight Stages of Translation[A]. In William Frawley (ed.),Translation: Literary, Linguistics, and Philosophical Perspectives[C]. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1984: 。7）通過對以上任務(wù)的完成，對翻譯的策略有了進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識。商務(wù)談判中通過精妙的提問可以了解對方的想法和意圖，掌握更多的信息，同時“問”也是表達(dá)自己情感的手段，促進(jìn)雙方的溝通。（劉園，1999：頁碼）構(gòu)氽頑黌碩飩薺齦話騖門戲鷯瀏鯪晝。（2） 把商務(wù)談判看作一種合作……3. 結(jié)論 （概括主體的主要內(nèi)容，總結(jié)主體的情報資料，并對上述研究成果和論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡單的評論，指出當(dāng)前存在的問題及今后發(fā)展趨勢和方向。而英國人的思維方式則重理性與分析性，注重對客體的臨摹與再現(xiàn)，所以其思維呈直線狀態(tài)，具有精確性的特點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)耐庠谛问降娜诤系取?differences。 Lakoffian theory Theory on the m