【正文】 that is to say, two kinds of guy have merged into one entity. The sixties saw the new terms “tyro” and “tutor” in place of the “autobiographical guy” and “tough guy” and “Nada” in place of the wound theory. III. The Tough Guy and His Features The most obvious trademarks of the “tough guy” are: “the world crushes every person into pieces, yet a lot of people rise from the pieces to demonstrate their staying power. The world is likely to kill and breakthose most brave, benign and excellent, yet it is the guy that rises from failure.” 3 If we disregard the socalled codes or rules, we can sum up some general features about the protagonists in Hemingway?s works. First of all, the “tough guy” , has great physical potential and courage. Whether he is a soldier, a bullfighter, a hunter, or a fisherman, his physical power is always activated by critical situations and thus creates the most lifelike beauty. However this physical power will encounter harm from the greater forces. The real value, according to Hemingway, lies in the fact that the guy can always rise from destruction. Captain Henry in Farewell to Arms, Jordan in For Whom the BellTolls, and Santiago in The Old man and the Sea were all hurt in some way, yet they were not defeated. However, there are some differences in the characterization of Santiago. He is active and chooses to be injured. Unlike the others he suffers only physical harm, not mental pain, and as a result retains his optimism until the end of the story. Santiago is free from that self pity and vain struggles that haunted Hemingway?s former guys. He accepts his fate with great tranquility and his injuries he regards as insignificant occurrences. Through his portrayal of Santiago, Hemingway successfully demonstrates how man can challenge himself by confronting his failures. By way of contrast, the former guy are inert and passive under pressure。 He hit it with his blood mushed hands driving a good harpoon with all his strength. He hit it without hope but with resolution… “But I killed the shark that hit my fish”, he thought. 10 He kills the Mako shark finally, but it tore off about forty pounds of flesh. In the killing, the old man loses his harpoon and all the rope too. And now his fish bleeds again and there will be other sharks attracted by the scent and trail of blood in the water. But the old man inspires himself by saying aloud, “ But man is not defeated. A man can be destroyed but not defeated…The dentuso is cruel and able and strong and intelligent. But I was more intelligent than he was.” 11 Earlier the second stage, two golanos e, They were hateful sharks, bad smelling, scavengers as well as killers. Santiago kills one with his knife that is lashed to an oar。 they are good pany just like Manolin, more often than not, the old man dreams of the lions and thinks of the boy almost simultaneously. Then, the lions appear in the old man?s dream: “He began to dream of the long yellow beach and he saw the first of the lions e down onto it in the early dusk and then other lions came， and he rested his chin on the wood of the bows where the ship lay anchored with the evening offshore breeze and he waited to see if there would be more lions and he was happy. ” 16 The adult lions suggest and signify great strength and courage. They provide Santiago with inspiration, a sense of nobility and vitality that encourage him to struggle for fulfilling his ambition. Whenever he dreams of the lions, he is happy and relaxes, for the lions seem to be in control. They can inspire him to be confident. And because the lions in his dream always appear out of their natural environment and on the beach, they also suggest there is a harmony in all of life. At the end of the story, the old man is again dreaming of the lions, up the road, in his shack. He was still sleeping on his face and the boy was sitting by him watching him. The old man was dreaming about the lions. Santiago is undefeated just because he keeps on trying. His resolution and action help him to take whatever he wants. At the end of the story, the dream about lions not only shows he is truly a guy beyond normal man, but also represents he is well to meet the new battle. What Hemingway writes in the end, The old man was dreaming of a lion reminds us that the old man does not cry over his misfortune, does not yield to bad luck, does not bend before failure. Instead, he dares to face failure fearlessly. It is the lion in his dream which carries a symbol of strength and bravery that shows Santiago?s optimism about life and future. D. Santiago’s Dignity 1. Santiago’s Illusion When he goes to sleep, the action of undressing is practical and lifelike to the readers: He rolled his trousers up to make a pillow, putting the news paper inside them. He rolled himself in the blanket and slept on the other old newspapers that covered the springs of the bed. His life is simple but not wretched. He is humble but not low. In his action there is always dignity and selfrespect. In Santiago Hemingway places his understanding of and confidence in humanity. No matter what kind of plight one is i