【正文】 我們有時也會發(fā)生分歧，也要處理分歧對感情所帶來的影響，然后繼續(xù)前行。親眼目睹各種自然現(xiàn)象——星光閃爍的銀河，幾百年樹齡的紅杉木，春天里鳥兒的叫聲匯成的交響樂——這些都使我的精神得以延伸，讓我覺得自己既卑微又偉大。t perfect enough. They feel inadequate, hopeless, and frustrated with jealousy because they can39。美在于生活的意義，在于真實。s appearance. This may be because you have shaving cream in your hair and inside the folds of your ears.不管怎樣，言歸正傳：如果你是一位男性，當有女士問你她看起來怎么樣時，你千萬不能說她看起來很糟糕，那樣肯定會使她立刻遷怒于你，這也是你咎由自取。人們會鼓勵男性借助其他特征來提升自尊。s face or plexion.然而，女性在成長過程中卻認為自己應(yīng)該長得像芭比娃娃或雜志的封面女郎那樣，這對大多數(shù)女性來說是不可能的。5 Women do not look at themselves this way. If I had to guess what most women think about their appearance, it would be: Not good enough. No matter how attractive a woman may be, her perception of herself is eclipsed by the beauty industry. She has trouble thinking I39。對于她的這一問題，無論你事先練習多少次，都不會找到正確答案。10 Repelling the availability bias calls for an empirical approach to a particular decision, one not based on the obscured reality of vivid memory. If there is a low incidence of disaster, like only one out of 100,000 plane landings results in a crash, it is safe to fly to the Canary Islands. If one out of one million people who go out is assaulted, it is safe to go out at night.要排除“可得性偏差”，就必須在作某一具體決定時，以實證方法所取得的證據(jù)為依據(jù)，而不是以與現(xiàn)實不太相符的某個鮮明的記憶為依據(jù)。6 For example, imagine that you suspect your puter has been hacked. Every time it stalls or has a little error, you assume that it was triggered by a hacker and that your suspicions are valid. This bias plays an especially big role in rivalries between two opposing views. Each side partitions their own beliefs in a logicproof loop, and claims their opponent is failing to recognize valid points. Outwitting confirmation bias therefore requires exploring both sides of an argument with equal diligence.比如說，假設(shè)你懷疑自己的電腦受到了黑客攻擊，那么它每次死機或出個小錯，你都會認定是由黑客引起的，而且你認定自己的懷疑正確無誤。在大多數(shù)情況下，確實如此。t have anything to do with real life.“你還真是能在遇到邏輯謬誤時一一辨別它們了，”我說，心里的希望已經(jīng)開始動搖?！?2 False Analogy, said Polly promptly. Your premise is that dating is like eating. But you39。他們的情況完全不同，你不能將他們作類比?！?9 Oh, this is awful, awful, she whispered in a choked voice.“哇，這太可怕了，太可怕了,”她哽咽著輕聲說道。11 I could see she was stumped. Polly, I explained, it39。而我也能施予她足夠多的“智慧之珠”，讓她變得“談吐優(yōu)雅”。t, so he made a pact that he39?！拔覀円勑┦裁矗俊彼龁柕?。”12 Next is Hasty Generalization. Selfexplanatory, right? Listen carefully: You can39。s sympathy — Ad Misericordiam.“對，是挺可怕的,”我表示贊同地說,“但這不是理由。27 Polly, I said when next we sat under our oak, tonight we won39?！?3 I laughed with somewhat less amusement, hiding my dread that she39。40 Why? I demanded.“為什么？”我追問道。3 One of the most mon biases is what is known as the fundamental attribution error. Through this people attribute the failures of others to character flaws and their own to mere circumstance, subconsciously considering their own characters to be stainless. Jenkins lost his job because of his inpetence。s confidence vastly exceeds the accuracy of those judgments. This bias most frequently es into play in areas where someone has no direct evidence and must make a guess — estimating how many people are in a crowded plaza, for example, or how likely it will rain. To make matters worse, even when people are aware of overconfidence bias, they will still tend to overstate the chances that they are correct. Confidence is no prophet and is best used together with available evidence. When witnesses are called to testify in a court trial, the confidence in their testimony is measured along with and against the evidence at hand.與“確定性偏差”相類似的是“過度自信偏差”。賭徒們冒著高風險，把錢投入老虎機，期望能夠得到很大的回報，但隨著一次次拉動拉桿，他們也一次次把錢賭輸了。4 Most men, I believe, are not arrogant about their looks. If the transient thought passes through their minds at all, they like to think of themselves as averagelooking. Being average doesn39。她把身體上的極小的不完美之處加以放大，并且幻想這些缺點十分明顯，以至于全世界的人都會注意到并且嘲笑她。所有這些婦女都非常忠實地按照辛迪說的做了。四十多年來，我在聽男性談?wù)撆詴r，從來沒有一次聽到過哪位男性這樣說：“她的指甲真漂亮?。　睂Υ蠖鄶?shù)男性來說，像指甲這樣小的東西看起來都一樣，無論一個女士的指甲是用粉色指甲油涂得完美無瑕，還是光光的毫無修飾，男性都一概視而不見。TextBMaking the choice to be truly beautiful選擇擁有真正的美麗1 Extreme makeovers are all the rage these days, with too many people addicted to Botox injection parties and reality shows. Plastic surgery is on the rise. Many people are trying to match the extraordinary measures actors and actresses go through to look perfect on the screen. Yet, the shortcuts to create biomedical happiness by having surgery, taking supplements or dieting don39。t replace my very own, sensual, outgoing friend. It took me 37 years to find him, and I39。每天我都要接待許多客戶，他們都是因為生活不夠“完美”而倍受情感痛苦。我們只是平凡的、實實在在的、有缺點的人。t be bought in a jar.這其中的秘密就在于這種成長是他人可見的，而且這種努力在一個人的全身上下都能得到展現(xiàn)。s workout, and though we may groan and plain, we can feel the growth eventually.我們來自各種不同的背景，而且有時意見相左，但是我們盡力互相關(guān)心。s about growing and deepening your soul.我要強調(diào)的是，世界上所有的面霜、健身鍛煉、飲食風尚、抗抑郁癥的百憂解膠囊，乃至許多人在一起打坐冥思等等，都不能改善一個人的生活、身體或精神狀況。我們一起歡笑，一起分擔日常生活的磕磕絆絆。t get there via technology. It39。t shower her with empty pliments about how her shoes plement her dress nicely because she39。t face the same societal focus purely on physical beauty, and they39。與女孩玩具的這種荒唐標準相比，小男孩們得到的“動作玩偶”卻是完全不同的模樣。如果他們偶爾想到自己外表的話，他們愿意認為自己樣貌中等。unit 2 TextAThe confusing pursuit of beauty令人困惑的對美的追求1 If you39。當法庭傳喚目擊者出庭作證時，對他們證詞的信任度是通過已經(jīng)獲取的相符或相反的證據(jù)來度量的。4 In other words, we typically demand more accountability from others than we do from ourselves. Not only does this lead to petty judgments about other people, it also leads to faulty risk assessment when you assume that certain bad things only happen to others. For example, you might assume, without evidence, that the price of your house will go up even though 90 percent of them have dropped in price, because you yourself are more petent.換句話說，我們通常要求別人承擔更多的責任，而不是自己。你是否能給我一個充足的理由，為什么要選擇跟他？”43 Wow, what presumption! I39。m nothing without you.“波莉，我愛你。t you think?“草率結(jié)論，”波莉伶俐地說，“或者是按一般人的說法，這個結(jié)論有些不成熟，你不這樣認為嗎？”31 I laughed with amusement. She39。24 Polly, I groaned, don39?！?5 She seemed to have a good time.