【正文】 在設(shè)計過程中，我翻閱了很多與我課題相關(guān)的資料，同時將以前所學(xué)的有直接聯(lián)系的相關(guān)專業(yè)科目認(rèn)真的溫習(xí)了一遍，豐富了許多理論方面的知識。 振動篩的振動頻率和振幅大小對設(shè)備的清土 效果、輸送順暢性以及機(jī)具震動性、可靠性等影響很大。設(shè)定振動篩的振幅為 12mm，則根據(jù)實(shí)體圖得出連桿比例為 1： 10，所以偏心輪的偏心距為 。所以實(shí)際設(shè)計挖掘鏟時，為減少摩擦力，避免壅土，將挖掘鏟入土部分的一段和過渡部分設(shè)計為柵條式，以便于土壤順利后移，并使部分土壤分離 [17]。 簡化（ 7）式得： P? Gtan(α+μ) 上式表明牽引阻力 P 與挖掘鏟的入土角 α為正切函數(shù)關(guān)系，在不同土質(zhì)中作業(yè)時，入土角的改變對阻力 P 的影響規(guī)律如圖 3173。掘起的土壤和花生秧果進(jìn)入往復(fù)運(yùn)動的振動篩，將花生和沙土不斷地向后振動輸送，大部分沙土被振落至篩下，實(shí)現(xiàn)清土目的，花生秧果和少部分未去除的沙土隨后從振動篩的側(cè)尾端被拋送到已收區(qū)，實(shí)現(xiàn)成條鋪放，待田間晾曬后再進(jìn)行揀拾作業(yè)。 由于花生的種植模式是兩行壟作，所以收獲裝置的挖掘部件應(yīng)為兩個挖掘鏟，在收獲裝置作業(yè)過程中擬使挖掘鏟以一定的頻率擺動前進(jìn)，即擺動式挖掘。據(jù)研究者到農(nóng)村的實(shí)地考察，在山東省萊陽市，一般的沙壤地收花生 (只完成花生的挖掘和去土兩道工序 )，一個勞力每天工作8h，可收花生 平方公里 ；借助畜力或者是簡單的機(jī)力 (用手扶拖拉機(jī)先耕出花生 ) 每天可收花生面積也僅為 ～ 平方公里。大多是聚乙烯或聚氯乙烯為原料的高分子化合物，在自然中塑料薄膜極難被土壤微生物分解、消化，可存在 400 年之久，農(nóng)田使用的塑料 薄膜老化后，破碎遺留在田間，使得地下的殘膜數(shù)量逐年增多，遺留在田間的殘余地膜，污染土壤，降低了土壤的透氣性及肥力，阻礙了植物吸收水分及根系生長，直接影響了農(nóng)作物的收成和品質(zhì) [5]。從市場需求看，我國花生遠(yuǎn)未飽和，需求總量日益增大，而且花生是我國具有較強(qiáng)國際競爭力的大宗農(nóng)產(chǎn)品（指食用花生），國外花生在短期內(nèi)不會對國內(nèi)市場造成實(shí)質(zhì)性沖擊，這就決定了我國花生生產(chǎn)規(guī)模將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。隨著花生栽培技術(shù)的不斷提高，花生 10 總產(chǎn)也在不斷提高，世界花生年總產(chǎn)量 20 世紀(jì) 60 年代為 105 千萬噸 ,2021年則增加至 725 千萬噸，創(chuàng) 花生生產(chǎn)量紀(jì)錄 [3]。s important export products and focus on the development of agricultural restructuring and support the cultivation of varieties. China is not only big country of production and consumption country in the world in peanut, and trade. Peanut planting, in the world are labor intensive industry. China has rich labor resources, peanut cultivation and export has obvious advantages. Period of time, because the peanut planting, harvesting and processing is mostly done by manual, but high labor intensity, low efficiency. In the whole process of peanut production, harvesting employment accounted for more than the whole process of 1\/3, the peanut production costs accounted for more than 50%. Promote the peanut production mechanization in China, to reduce operating costs, improve work efficiency, promote the farmers ine, has practical significance. Peanut harvesting machine mainly by the mining shovel, vibration sieve, a walking wheel, a power transmission device and the frame form a vibration sieve and the design, and the power of the tractor of about 12KW can be achieved at the same time, a plurality of rows of peanut harvester. The process of harvesting, dug out the peanut seedling was sent to the shaker, vibration sieve can be removed with implementation of the peanut soil, the working principle of the transportation board to achieve the side of peanut seedling lodging. Peanut harvest can improve efficiency greatly, reduce cost and realize the harvest, mechanized production. Key words： peanuts 。振動篩式花生收獲機(jī)的設(shè)計 目 錄 摘要 ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1 前言 ..................................................................................................................................... 2 研究的目的和意義 .................................................................................................................................... 2 中國花生生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀 ....................................................................................................... 4 中國花生的種植方式 ................................................................................................... 5 花生生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化現(xiàn)狀 ................................................................................................... 6 研究目標(biāo)與內(nèi)容 ......................................................................................................................................... 7 2 振動篩式花生收獲裝置的設(shè)計原理 ............................................................................... 8 設(shè)計依據(jù) ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 設(shè)計 方案的選擇與分析 .......................................................................................................................... 9 總體設(shè)計簡介 ............................................................................................................................................. 10 作業(yè)原理 ....................................................................................................................................................... 11 3 花生收獲機(jī)功率計算 ......................................................................................................... 11 4 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 挖掘鏟主要參數(shù)計算 ...................................................................................................... 13 入土角 α 計算 ..................................................................