【正文】 me and other Italian cities before it swept the rest parts of and sculpture were the most sensitive fields to the change with their subjects and tastes, shifting from dullness, stagnation, lack of emotion and divinity to dynamics, enthusiasm and and ideology soon followed as other important areas proceeded and the movement further separated itself from feudalistic tyranny, ecclesiastic bondage and sought intellectual freedom and ideological characteristics of the RenaissanceThe Renaissance is characterized by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting achievements were seen principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama and religious reformation as well as the change in the cultural and intellectual influence of the RenaissanceThe Renaissance was an important stage in the historical process of the Western civilization and indicated a transitional period from the Middle Ages to the modern era in the development of Western and intellectual changes during the Renaissance both helped to speed up Western social and cultural development and prepared the necessary conditions for the rapid progress in political, social and ideological areas of the Modern Age.第二篇：《文藝復(fù)興》《文藝復(fù)興》合作學(xué)習(xí)案例知識(shí)競(jìng)賽模式一、分組合作學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)競(jìng)賽模式設(shè)計(jì)我們采用二乘二分組模式，就是一個(gè)小組由4人組成，每排2人，小組共有2排，可以分為2個(gè)子組，在合作學(xué)習(xí)中，首先是個(gè)人的獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)，然后是2個(gè)子組內(nèi)的初步交流，然后是32個(gè)子組之間的交流，最后是全班大組之間的交流。要求第一位同學(xué)的5個(gè)問題寫完后，后面同學(xué)再寫自己的問題，不能與前面同學(xué)的重復(fù)。競(jìng)賽完后，選擇幾題學(xué)生沒有弄清楚的問題簡(jiǎn)要講解。學(xué)生在參與過程中，都為本組爭(zhēng)榮譽(yù)，尤其是搶答的時(shí)候，很多學(xué)生問題一完立馬起來回答，合作學(xué)習(xí)取得了突出效果。路德的觀點(diǎn)；《九十五條論綱》；新教；（2）理解意大利資本主義萌芽出現(xiàn)的原因及影響；文藝復(fù)興運(yùn)動(dòng)興起的原因、性質(zhì)和意義；以及宗教改革的影響和馬丁學(xué)法指導(dǎo)：多媒體教學(xué)，通過問題探究、歷史比較、圖表分析等方法與手段培養(yǎng)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、分析問題、解決問題的能力。二、文藝復(fù)興：產(chǎn)生的條件：【復(fù)興首先在意大利發(fā)生的主要原因】 經(jīng)濟(jì)：①115世紀(jì)意大利出現(xiàn)了資本主義萌發(fā)。實(shí)質(zhì)：文藝復(fù)興是反映歐洲新興資產(chǎn)階級(jí)要求的思想解放運(yùn)動(dòng)。（教師可簡(jiǎn)要指出其成就：莎士比亞、塞萬提斯、拉伯雷等藝術(shù)大師的成就；“日心說”等自然科學(xué)成就。（3）資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，是新興資產(chǎn)階級(jí)要求擺脫羅馬天主教的束縛和神權(quán)獨(dú)裁。③堅(jiān)持《圣經(jīng)》高于教皇和教會(huì)，并依據(jù)希臘文原本把《圣經(jīng)》翻譯成德文。路德就是得到封建諸侯的保護(hù)。文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的科學(xué)也是重點(diǎn)之一，因?yàn)椤敖匀豢茖W(xué)的興起，實(shí)現(xiàn)了科學(xué)史上的一次革命。這一問只要學(xué)生看書認(rèn)真，應(yīng)該能夠回答得出來。請(qǐng)回答：以上兩則材料，對(duì)文藝復(fù)興的看法有何不同？你認(rèn)為哪一觀點(diǎn)是正確的？為什么？參考答案：材料一認(rèn)為文藝復(fù)興是“真理的重新恢復(fù)”，材料二說是“一次精神的新生”。由此可見，一定時(shí)期的文化是一定時(shí)期的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)在人們觀念上的反映?？茖W(xué)則相反，恰好借助了它的研究法而不斷穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。”近代自然科學(xué)的重大成就 在介紹自然科學(xué)成果時(shí)，也應(yīng)有側(cè)重點(diǎn)。二、作業(yè)讓學(xué)生讀《十日談》或者《堂吉訶德》，說說這些著作是如何體現(xiàn)出作者的人文主義精神的？