【正文】 44): The Rape of the Lock (1714), The Dunciad (1742).Early Romanticism浪漫主義 Romanticism, as a literary trend, occurred and developed in Europe and America at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries under the historical background of the Industrial Revolution. Romanticism stresses individual and creative function of imagination. It places individual at the very center of all life and all experience and at the center of art. Its characteristics are:(1) Romanticism is a rebellion against the objectivity of rationalism.(2) For romantics, the feelings, intuitions and emotions are more important than reason and mon sense.(3) Romantics do not think of the world as a ticking watch made by God(4) They emphasize individualism, placing the individual against the against the group, against authority.(5) They affirm the inner life of the self, and want each person to be free to develop and express his own inner thoughts(6) They cherish strong interest in the past, especially the medieval. (7) They are interested in variety and attracted by the wild, the irregular, the indefinite, remote, the mysterious, and the strange.(8) American Romanticism presents an entirely new experience alien to European culture, and produce a feeling of newness which has inspired the romantic imagination.Its representatives and their major works are:Words worth and Coleridge: Lyrical Ballads (1798)。James Joyce: Ulysses (1922). 4。 Walt Whitman: Leaves of Grass (1855)。Washington Irving: The Sketch Book (1820)High RomanticsAmerican romanticism reaches its peak with the appearance of the major authors of the 19th Century, such as Edgar Allan Poe, Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson in poetry, and Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville in fiction. They took their departure from the placent romantic impulse of the early 19th century and created for themselves new literary personalities. They established firm ground for their art in wellconceived literary theories and wellstructured literary forms.Its representatives and their major worksEdgar Allan Poe: The Raven (18