【正文】 ame fascination as an original holograph? Would a machinesigned, massproduced letter generated in some White House basement have the same emotional impact or the same value, for that matter as a handwritten letter mailed by Citizen Ronald Reagan in 1965, plete with handaddressed envelope and canceled 5cent stamp? Hardly. 8. James Joyce once wrote that the errors of an artist are the portals of discovery. Unfortunately, we’ll never know of those errors if clean, neat, immaculate but errorless floppy discs replace tattered, penscratched, scissored, taped, yellowed, rewritten, retyped manuscripts. Libraries preserve them, students learn from them, auctioneers cry them at fabulous prices, owners cherish them. And word processors totally eliminate them. Our loss would be incalculable. 9. Manuscripts are our gift to our heritage, and we have no right to deprive future generations of learning how we think and feel, simply because we find word processing more convenient. Patiently corrected manuscripts, not floppy discs, can tell any novice writer or future historian that writing is hard work, that it takes vision and revision alike and that it should be done on paper, not with electrons on a screen.From: J. R. McCuen and A. C. Winkler, pp. 512515Unit Twelve Text I Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts Bruce Catton1. When Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee met in the parlor of a modest house at Appomattox Court House’, Virginia, on April 9, 1865, to work out the terms for the surrender of Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia, a great chapter in American life came to a close, and a great new chapter began.2. These men were bringing the Civil War to its virtual finish. To be sure, other armies had yet to surrender, and for a few days the fugitive Confederate government would struggle desperately and vainly, trying to find some way to go on living now that its chief support was gone. But in effect it was all Over when Grant and Lee signed the papers. And the little room where they wrote out the terms was the scene of one of the poignant, dramatic contrasts in American history. 3. They were two strong men, these oddly different generals, and they represented the strengths, of two conflicting currents that, through them, had e into final collision.4. Back ofRobert E. Lee was the notion that the old aristocratic concept might somehow survive and be dominant in American life. 5. Lee was tidewater Virginia, and in his background were family, culture, and tradition… the age of chivalry transplanted to a New World which was making its own legends and its own myths. He embodied a way of life that had e down through the age of knighthood and the English country squire. America was a land that was beginning all over again, dedicated to nothing much more plicated than the rather hazy belief that all men had equal rights and should have an equal chance in the world. In such a land Lee stood for the feeling that it was somehow of advantage to human society to have a pronounced inequality in the social structure. There should be a leisure class, backed by ownership of land。s salute to the force of lawandorder. The redlight runner, however, shows no respect whatever for the social rules, and society cannot help being harmed by any repetitious and brazen display of contempt for the fundamentals of order.6. The scofflaw spirit is pervasive. It is not really surprising when schools find, as some do, that children frequently enter not knowing some of the basic rules of living together. For all their differences, today39。s a 5050 tossup as to whether people will stop for a red light. Meanwhile, his own police largely ignore the lawbreaking.5. Redlight running has always been ranked as a minor wrong, and so it may be in individual instances. When the violation bees habitual, widespread and incessant, however, a great deal more than a traffic management problem is involved. The flouting of basic rules of the road leaves deep dents in the social mood. Innocent drivers and pedestrians pay a repetitious price in frustration, inconvenience and outrage, not to mention a justified sense of mortal peril. The significance of redlight running is magnified by its high visibility. If hypocrisy is the tribute that vice pays to virtue, then furtiveness is the true outlaw39。sources, finally, after what seems another hour, we decode it. We decide exactly what it is that Mr. Bright is trying to say, what he really wants to say, which is: “Supply determines demand.” 3. Over the past decade or so, I have known many students like him, many college seniors suffering from Bright’s disease. It attacks the best minds, and gradually destroys the critical faculties, making it impossible for the sufferer to detect gibberish in his own writing or in that of others. During the years of higher education it grows worse, reaching its terminal stage, typically, when its victim receives his . Obviously, the victim of Bright’s disease is no ordinary illiterate. He would never turn in a paper with misspellings or errors in punctuat