【正文】 g with the conversion of word classes, the conversion of sentence ponents can help achieve the naturalness and accuracy in EC translation. Translators should be flexible in changing the sentence ponents. Actually, conversion of word classes and sentence ponents are subject to not only differences in linguistics factors but also differences in cultural perspectives, which will be analyzed in the following chapter.Chapter ThreeConversion of PerspectivesAs discussed in the previous chapters, it is not difficult to find that conversion of word classes and conversion of sentence ponents are actually subject to the vast differences between English and Chinese, which often produce barriers for intercultural munication. At times people from different cultures approach the same thing from different perspectives, so it is necessary to explore the translation technique of conversion by focusing on different perspectives in English and Chinese.I. Conversion of English Impersonal SubjectsIt is asserted that “formal written English language often goes with an impersonal style, ., one in which the speaker does not refer directly to himself or his reader, but avoids the pronouns I, you, we” (Leech and Svartvik 25). This phenomenon is also vividly described by some scholars as “the writer and the readers are out of the picture, hiding them behind the impersonal language” (Lian 76). While Chinese are actually going with the personal style, it is necessary in the EC translation to convert the English impersonal style into the Chinese personal one.i. Converting Impersonal Subjects into Personal or Other Subjects There are more impersonal subjects in English than in Chinese. Although English sentences with impersonal subjects sound objective and fair, they are often rhetorically flavored with personification or euphemism。 accordingly, in some circumstances, the core word in the adjective phrase is turned into subject in Chinese so that the translation is smooth and idiomatic. Here is an example to illustrate this point.Example 20:We look forward to an everincreasing volume of business with your factory.我方盼望與貴方工廠的交易額日益提高。ii. Converting English Adjective into Chinese Adverb Since the English nouns may have been converted into Chinese verbs, English adjectives which modify the nouns are accordingly converted into Chinese adverbs to modify the verbs in the translated version. Here is an example.Example 14:We place the highest value on our friendly relations with developing countries.我們高度地珍視同發(fā)展中國(guó)家的友好關(guān)系。 they are usually converted into nouns.i. Converting English Verb into Chinese NounBecause some English verbs describing the characteristics or properties of the subject are difficult to express in exact corresponding Chinese verbs, they are often converted into Chinese nouns so as to achieve a satisfactory translation. Here is an illustrative example.Example 6:To them, he personified the absolute power.在他們看來(lái)，他就是絕對(duì)權(quán)威的化身。每個(gè)文獻(xiàn)須在文末參考書(shū)目中出現(xiàn)。注意各級(jí)標(biāo)題大小寫(xiě)，確保目錄中的標(biāo)題、頁(yè)碼與正文中的標(biāo)題、頁(yè)碼保持對(duì)應(yīng)。 on the contrary, the Chinese language is verboriented, so it is not without reason that English prepositions or prepositional phrases are often converted into Chinese verbs or verbal phrases in EC translation. There is an example below. Example 2:It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty.我們的目標(biāo)是使不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的人民最終擺脫貧困。Here, “the rich” referring to people of some kind is converted into a Chinese noun. Example 9:It is highly important to distinguish between the false and the truth.最重要的是分清是非。The above discussion reveals that the conversion of word classes is frequently used to achieve accuracy and expressiveness in EC translation. Through conversion, English words are often translated into Chinese words similar in meaning but different in word classes. In addition, the conversion of word classes often requires the conversion of sentence ponents, which will be discussed in the next chapter.Chapter TwoConversion of Sentence Components It is discussed in the previous chapter that an English word is not necessarily changed into a Chinese word of the same word class in EC translation. Therefore, in order to achieve the maximal expressiveness, conversion of word classes has bee a matter of mon occurrence in translation, which often results in the conversion of sentence ponents. This chapter will discuss the conversion of sentence ponents in EC translation.I. Conversion into Chinese Subjects i. English Object Converted into Chinese Subject As some objects of verbs in English are subjects of the sentences in the logical sense, they may usually be converted into subjects in Chinese so as to give prominence to the objects in English. Here is an example to illustrate this point.Example 17:This sort of stone has a relative density of .。III. Conversion into Chinese ObjectsActually this kind of conversion is closely related to the passive habit in English, which is further elaborated in the next chapter. As “a kind of changed verb forms in English,” passive voice “expresses the logical verbobject relationships between predicate verb and its subject,” and its subject is “actually the receiver of the predicateverb action” (Yan 116119). What’s more, “the passive is especially used in English sentences where it is unnecessary or undesirable to mention the agent” (Zandvoort 53). Because sentences using the passive voice are not so mon in Chinese, English subjects are generally converted into Chinese objects. Here is an illustrative example.Example 22:As the match burns, heat and light are given off.火柴燃燒時(shí)發(fā)出光和熱。他們和該校學(xué)生在校內(nèi)自助餐廳一起排隊(duì)取午餐，然后舉行了一場(chǎng)表演賽。 so a large number of concrete images are used to illustrate abstract concepts. Just as noted by Flesch, “while English people fill their talk with masses of empty syllables and words, Chinese keep their feet on the ground and says everything in the most concrete, specific words. They have to