【正文】 ol meant doing well in all my classes. But now I decided that succeeding in school meant only doing well in the classes that related directly to my future career. I eliminated the conflict, at least in my mind. TPO4 Verbal and Nonverbal Communication When we speak with other people facetoface the nonverbal signals we giveour facial expressions, hand gestures, body movements, and tone of voiceoften municate as much as, or more than, the words we utter. When our nonverbal signals, which we often produce unconsciously, agree with our verbal message, the verbal message is enhanced and supported, made more convincing. But when they conflict with the verbal message, we may be municating an entirely different and more accurate message than what we intend. Professor Last month my favorite uncle paid me a surprise visit. I hadn’t seen him for many years. The doorbell rang, I opened the door and there was Uncle Pete. Now I am sure when I saw him, I said something like “Uncle Pete, what a surprise! How nice to see you!” Anyway, my wife was standing next to me, and according to her, I wasn’t really aware of this, my eyes got really wide and I broke into a huge big smile. She said I was actually jumping up and down like a little boy. Well, anyway, later that evening Uncle Pete told me how very very good he felt when he saw how happy I was to see him. But pare that with this, my daughter, she is six. We were building a birdhouse together last week. And I was showing her how to use a hammer and nail. And of course, stupid me, I wasn’t being very careful and I smashed my thumb with the hammer. Boy did it hurt! I almost felt like screaming, but I didn’t want to upset my daughter, so I said, “Don’t worry, honey, it’s nothing.” Meanwhile, I was shaking my hand as if that would stop my thumb from hurting, and my face was contorted in pain. My voice was trembling too. So even though I told my daughter I was okay, I’m sure she didn’t believe me because she kept asking me if I was okay. TPO5 Target Marketing Advertisers in the past have used radio and television in an attempt to provide information about their products to large, general audiences, it was once thought that the best way to sell a product was to advertise it to as many people as possible. However, more recent trends in advertising have turned toward target marketing. Target marketing is the strategy of advertising to smaller, very specific audiencesaudiences that have been determined to have the greatest need or desire for the product being marketed. Target marketing has proved to be very effective in reaching potential customers. Professor Nowadays something you notice more and more is television mercials that are made specifically for certain television programs. So let’s say a pany wants to sell a telephone, a cell phone. Now during TV shows that young people watch, you know shows with pop music or teen serials, they create the mercial that emphasizes how fun the phone is. You know, the phone has bright colors and they show kids having a good time with their friends. And well the pany wants the kids watching TV at this time to want to buy this phone, this phone that’s made especially for them. But the same pany will make a different mercial to be shown during, say, a program about business or a business news show. Now for this group of people, business people, the pany will have to show how efficient their phone is, how it can handle all business easily and maybe even save money. And here is the thing. It’s basically the same phone. The pany has just made two different mercials to appeal to different groups of people. TPO6 Explicit Memories and Implicit Memories In everyday life, when people speak of memory, they are almost always speaking about what psycholog ists would call explicit memories. An explicit memory is a conscious or intentional recollection, usually of facts, names, events, or other things that a person can state or declare. There is another kind of memory that is not conscious. Memories of this kind are called implicit memories. An individual can have an experience that he or she cannot consciously recall yet still display reactions that indicate the experience has been somehow recorded in his or her brain. Professor Ok, uh... the first kind of memory, we39。re driving along a highway, you39。ll think about it and a lot of them will say 39。ll answer? Do they say 39。pig39。ll learn that this kind of behavior gets them in trouble. They39。s wings. Those flashes of light make it very difficult for the bird to follow the morpho, and the morpho is usually able to get away. TPO9 The Establishing Shot Film directors use different types of camera shots for specific purposes. An establishing shot is an image shown briefly at the beginning of a scene, usually taken from far away, that is used to provide context for the rest of the scene. One purpose of the establishing shot is to municate background information to the viewer, such as the settingwhere and when the rest of the scene will occur. It also establishes the mood or feeling of the scene. Due to the context that the establishing shot provides, the characters and events that are shown next are better understood by the viewer. Professor So, the other day I went to this great new movie and one of the scenes in particular I thought was really set up nicely. At the start of the scene, before the action and talking and things started, you saw, on the movie screen, an image of a city. You could tell it was a big city. There were lots of buildings, tall ones, skyscrapers. And the cars and signs on the city streets looked oldfashioned, like they were from the past, like the 1940s. The other thing I noticed right away from this first image, just when the scene started, was that the city seemed gloomy. You couldn