【正文】 所需要的一般特性，：材料沉積，可用的工具在一個數(shù)控銑床刀庫，可實現(xiàn)精度，3年或5軸的操作，還可作卷揚此信息，可對某特定操作機器的pool被識別。工藝方案確定的操作序列，建立必要的范圍內(nèi)正確完成的部分僅部分。 專用機械作業(yè)執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)必須提供這樣的原語。 通過這種方法，原始2D層的幾何形狀是“固定”，以減少尖銳的角落和狹窄的通道，并為平滑的路徑優(yōu)化的沉積。步的幾何形狀，可以構(gòu)造一個有向圖。 總之，一次建設的方向已經(jīng)確定，這種方法確定的所有輪廓邊表示非倒勾表面轉(zhuǎn)換功能削弱或反之亦然。 在一個典型的添加劑/減色法中，整形操作通常需要空調(diào)的沉積材料（塑料的情況下，固化/硬化，在金屬的情況下，冷卻）。添加劑/消減的SFF過程涉及迭代材料沉積，整形等二次操作。執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)的機器和交接部位應協(xié)調(diào)活動，并跟蹤和每臺機器的負載平衡的狀態(tài)在本店實現(xiàn)暢通。 1995]，為每個表面的最終形狀的加工。 然后，他們選擇最合適的設計師的要求制造商。設計，客戶機可以配備常規(guī)的CAD軟件包，或與專業(yè)設計軟件[Binnard和Cutkosky 1998]過程中特定的知識嵌入到下游規(guī)劃任務。 他們還證明，接受更先進的設計，在一個單一的部分[魏斯，梅爾茨等多個梯度材料。 Tan, Pinilla et al. 1998].The CAD model is deposed into five singlestep geometries. These geometries hold precedence relationships that are represented in a precedence graph. This graph pletely represents their building constraints. Deposition and machining code is then generated for each singlestep geometry. This process code is used to directly drive machine overall part plan is codified in the Process Description Language that encodes all possible building sequences derived from the building tree and their associated manufacturing encoded process description is interpreted by the execution system that controls and monitors all the part building activities. A building sequence is then chosen in real time depending on machine availability, jobshop scheduling, and other criteria. We have presented the main issues that need to be solved to make additive/subtractive SFF processes amenable to industrialization. While the basic technology for these processes is well developed, the supporting planning and execution aspects are not well defines how to achieve a feasible plan to build a design from its geometrical representation. The main tasks are to depose the model into manufacturable elements, plan the deposition of material and its shaping. Algorithms are being developed to address each of these tasks, and a representation formalism to support them has been presented.附錄B 漢語翻譯減色添加劑固體自由成形制造過程規(guī)劃和自動化DEMA第二產(chǎn)業(yè)快速，準確樣式的設計，是不是新的，整個社區(qū)的專業(yè)模型制作和工匠的傳統(tǒng)迎合這種需求。 in the metal cases, cooled). The more the steps, the more the building time is consumed in the conditioning procedures.To facilitate machining tasks, it is preferred that a part has as many as possible flat or vertical surfaces with respect to the building direction. In the cases of freeform surface designs, an orientation that minimizes the number of undercutnonundercut transitions is most desirable since a surface without being split can be machined in one single operation which eliminates marks resulting from the layer interfaces.An approach that maps surface normals to a unit sphere and determines the orientation that results in the minimum number of undercutnonundercut transitions is described in [Rajagopalan, Pinilla et al. 1998].An algorithm that finds a feasible solution for this deposition is described in [Ramaswami, Yamaguchi et al. 1997]. In short, once a building direction has been determined, this approach identifies all silhouette edges that denote transitions from nonundercut surfaces to undercut features or vise versa. A collection of these silhouette edges together with existing edges form a loop, which is used to split the surfaces. Models are then deposed and support structures are generated with the help of several extrusion operations. Although this approach gives a solution of deposition, the following issues need to be addressed to achieve a better solution:Parts may be deposed to several smaller features or may result in sharp cavities that do not exist in the original design. These features increase difficulty in machining and may require more expensive and timeconsuming processes, ., electrical discharge machining (EDM) for metal a part is deposed into several subvolumes, their shared surfaces need not be defined exactly unless they consist of different materials. This is due to the fact that the newly introduced surfaces resulted from deposition are internal to the part and need not be machined, since subsequent operations will deposit same types of material adjacent to these surfaces.The results of deposition are structured in an adjacency graph where nodes represent singlestep geometries or other ponents to be embedded, and edges represent the adjacency relationship between connected nodes. After considering part building order, a directed graph that represents the precedence relationship among single172。 Noauthor 1997]. This type of system supports a multiplicity of agents that collaborate to control production [Maturana and Norrie 1995。SFF行業(yè)中目前使用的過程是純粹的添加劑，其中逐步添加材料的一部分被內(nèi)置在最后的位置和形狀。 這種增加的難度是使用數(shù)控機加工或類似的材料去除過程，需要協(xié)調(diào)一些不同的單元過程的結(jié)果。 過程策劃生成過程計劃和相關(guān)業(yè)務建設部分和機器代碼序列。 所提供的實體模型必須支持自由曲面的緣故添加劑/消減過程和所需的精度水平所需的幾何推理和路徑規(guī)劃。 應考慮的主要問題是：SDM是一個多階段過程：多級工藝要求或允許多個處理站與站之間的部分轉(zhuǎn)讓。以類似的方式，以VLSI制造執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)將有覆蓋處理部分生成的零件，中間緩沖區(qū)的過程規(guī)劃充分的三維幾何模型作為輸入和輸出的過程描述，用于指定內(nèi)容的操作序列是必需的生產(chǎn)輸入部分。 換句話說，任何沿生長方向的射線投應不相交的一個單步的幾何形狀，多于一次。 在自由曲面的設計的情況下，數(shù)量減少到最小的的底切非倒勾轉(zhuǎn)換的取向是最可取的，因為不被分割，可以在一個單一的操作，從而消除產(chǎn)生層接口的馬克加工表面。 雖然這種方法分解給出了解決方案，實現(xiàn)了更好的解決方案，需要解決以下問題：部件可能會被分解成幾個更小的特征，或可能會導致尖銳的空腔中不存在的原始設計。 每個代表一個可能的建筑計劃分解幾何序列，并且可以選擇最佳取決于機器的可用性或其他標準，如最小建立時間，或盡可能最好的表面處理，等這些建筑的替代品傳遞到就業(yè)商店運行車間作業(yè)調(diào)度。 因此，規(guī)劃為加工操作不必考慮干擾問題。 這些可能包括洗，噴砂，噴丸拍攝，或特殊操作，如嵌入組件，檢查，等等。 過程計劃應該反映這種靈活性，而不是過度限制它們之間施加人為的次序執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)。 執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)支持非常高的組合，其中每個部分都有它自己的進程計劃。 沒有作者1997]。 正在興建一個基于Web的界面頂部提供接入部分從其它網(wǎng)站比在斯坦福大學的RPL制造執(zhí)行軟件，并提供了設計/制造界面。 控制軟件是用Java編寫的，通過兩個串行端口，一個接口哈斯CNC控制器和其他控制的模擬和數(shù)字I/O板控制機器。 該進程的代碼是用來直接驅(qū)