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titions (Crawford 1985。因此,營銷組合的直接和即時的影響“品牌的定位策略的戰(zhàn)術(shù)細(xì)節(jié),任何的定位決定了整個營銷組合的直接和即時的影響”(埃文斯第 168頁)。在一般情況下,一個品牌能以最好的方式得到滿足,營銷人員是細(xì)分的重要關(guān)注環(huán)節(jié)(科特勒 2020)。” 市場細(xì)分是必要的,因?yàn)榇蟛糠郑赡苋浚┦袌霾⒎且粔K鐵板,相對的商圈是均勻的,企業(yè)都希望他們具備一定的條件或者可以提供類似的服務(wù)產(chǎn)品(邁爾斯 1996年,第 16頁)。 一般來說,市場細(xì)分定義是:“將市場細(xì)分成不同的子集的客戶市場,使客戶市場行為以同樣方式或有類似需求過程進(jìn)行區(qū)分(貝內(nèi)特 1995年第 165頁)。更具體的說,在評估環(huán)節(jié)中,重點(diǎn)是細(xì)分的大小,所需資源滲透到公司的長處和短處,替代品純在和內(nèi)部和外部的產(chǎn)品類別(波特 1980)。例如,當(dāng)一個公司要擁有很高的威望,它可以通過限制發(fā)行網(wǎng)點(diǎn),或降低要求生產(chǎn),支持更高的價格印證(例如,銖和瑞莉 1998年)。 p. 165). Segmentation is essential since “most ( probably all) markets are not monolithic but instead consist of submarkets that are relatively homogeneous in terms of what they need or want from firms offering similar types of products of services (Myers 1996,p. 16). It is important to form segments because they are likely to respond differently to various marketing activities (Myers 1996) and are relevant for explaining and predicting customer behavior to a pany’s marketing actions (Wind and Cardozo 1974). Segments can be based upon (and are thus homogeneous in terms of) various consumer characteristics such as demographics, lifestyles, behavioral patterns, needs, values, and other characteristics (see Wedel and Kamakura