【正文】 Chengzhi FAN, Mingxing HUANG Abstract There are many advantages about synchronousnous motor ,so it is extensively been applied to industrial production thesis mainly remend the reason why synchronous motor unable starts after be energized、 synchronous motor incapability leads long into synchronousnization fault and brush and press tightly spring and gather to give or get an electric shock ring it has put forward the ways how to solve these problems. 7 Keywords： Synchronousnous Motor breakdown solution Because of synchronousnous motor have the advantage of higher power factor, higher run timeefficiency , stability good, it is extensively been applied to industrial production aim. Acquainting with the startingfault of synchronous motor, and debugging in time, it has very important meaning to the motor itself and the production order to getting rid of and dealing with the breakdown timely ang accurately,we have to analyse familiar breakdown about synchronousnous motor in detail. Familiar fault synchronous motor unable starts after be energized There several reasons about this as follow: (1)Power supply voltage over at the square of voltage, the starting torque direct of synchronous motor is direct ratio the square of voltage, the low power supply of voltage make the starting torque of synchronous motor drooping significantly,which is lower than load troque, thus it can not start therefore raise this power supply voltage to enlarge the starting torque of motor. (2)The fault of motor if motor settle, the rotor winding had no short circuit, open circtui, open soldering and link bad etc or not. These faults will make the motor can not start to create starting of rating of intensity of magic field, make thus the motor can not the motor bearing has already been destoryed, the port cap has have no loose, if bearing failure port shroud loose, result in bearing39。 SVPWM 即空間矢量 PWM，它從電機的角度出發(fā)，著眼于如何使電機獲得幅值恒定的圓形磁場，即正弦磁通。 目前，主要采用的功率器件是 IGBT 和 IPM， IGBT 的應(yīng)用使控制系統(tǒng)的性能有了很大提高： （ 1） IGBT 具有高輸入阻抗和低通道壓降的優(yōu)點，驅(qū)動電路功率減少，開關(guān)器件發(fā)熱減少； （ 2）高載波控制，在脈寬調(diào)制中利于逆變器輸出調(diào)制波波形； （ 3）安全工作區(qū)寬、開關(guān)時間短 ,開關(guān)頻率高，電機控制中可以達(dá)到 20kHz，使之超過人耳的聽覺范圍，實現(xiàn)了電機運行的靜音； （ 4）驅(qū)動電路簡單，保護容易。 國內(nèi)由于資金和技術(shù)的限制，研究和產(chǎn)品多集中在低價位、性能較差的直流無刷電機上。 1991年， 首次在轉(zhuǎn)速控制器中 采用自校正控制。 1980 年后發(fā)表了大量的論文研究永磁同步電動機的數(shù)學(xué)模型、穩(wěn)態(tài)特性、動態(tài)特性。 盡管永磁同步電動機的控制技術(shù)得到了很大的發(fā)展，各種控制技術(shù)的應(yīng)用也在逐步成熟，比如 SVPWM、 DTC、 SVM、 DTC 自適應(yīng)方法等都在實際中得到應(yīng)用。矢量控制是基于轉(zhuǎn)子坐標(biāo)系的，經(jīng)過一系列的坐標(biāo)變換，將電機的轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈和轉(zhuǎn)矩解耦，分別對定子電流的勵磁分量和轉(zhuǎn)矩分量進(jìn)行控制，并經(jīng)過 PI調(diào)節(jié)、電壓空間矢量 PWM 控制實現(xiàn)雙閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)。 近年來，隨著電力電子技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù) 、微型計算機技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)、稀土永磁材料與電動機控制理論的發(fā)展，交流伺服控制技術(shù)有了進(jìn)步，交流伺服系統(tǒng)將 逐步取代直流伺服系統(tǒng)，借助于計算機技術(shù)、現(xiàn)代控制理論的發(fā)展，人們 可以 構(gòu)成高精度、快速響應(yīng)的交流伺服驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)。 基于上述情況，對永磁同步電機伺服系統(tǒng)的仿真研究就有了重要的意義。 隨著微型計算機技術(shù)的發(fā)展，永磁同步電動機矢量控制系統(tǒng)的全數(shù)字控制也取得了很大的發(fā)展?，F(xiàn)代控制理論中的各種魯棒控制技術(shù)能夠使控制系統(tǒng)在模型和參數(shù)變化時保持良好的控制性能。 永磁同步電機伺服系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展與微處理器技術(shù) [11]、電力電子技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)、PWM控制技術(shù) [6]、控制理論等密切相關(guān)，以下從上述幾個方面把握一下永磁同步電機伺服系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。 光電編碼器的優(yōu)點是數(shù)據(jù)處理簡單、信號噪聲容限大、容易實現(xiàn)高分辨率、檢測精度高，缺點是不耐沖擊及振動、容易受溫度變化影響、適應(yīng)環(huán)境能力較差。 其次，要分析并改正原設(shè)計硬件電路上存在的一 些問題，使驅(qū)動電路能正常工作。t output, resulting in the stator current of motor over big, cause the motor conduct electricity the run make or the losing of motor magic belt run check whether output voltage current and its waveform that the Li magic belt equips is normal at this time, the Rong breaks whether the machine Long breaks, the contact is circuit board plugin puts prison or alignment。 For thin trace, use many fettle shagging rings of sandpapers surface, is ring surface roughness to hit ums, if the slot scar obviously needs to get on the car bed transform, turning, enter amount of knife to take every time 1 mm as proper, in the ms/s, the turning speed control39。熟悉同步電動機的起動故障，并及時排除故障，對電動機本身及生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)都有重要的意義。此時應(yīng)檢查勵磁裝置的輸出電壓電流及其波形是否正常，熔斷器是否熔斷，接觸不良；電路板插件是否插牢或?qū)?zhǔn)；檢查回路電阻，滅磁鐵晶閘管是否燒斷或擊穿。電源電壓過低，造成勵磁裝置的強勵環(huán)節(jié)不能動作，從而使電動機不能牽入同步，具體辦法是適當(dāng)提高電源電壓。阻尼繞組是同步電動機部件中較為薄弱的環(huán)節(jié)，阻尼繞組常見的故障有：阻尼條脫焊、斷裂，阻尼環(huán)間放電大火，阻尼環(huán)變形