【正文】 cized, the agency is faced with the difficult decision of whether to try to repair the heavily criticized draft or months. Preparing a new draft is timeconsuming and costly because all the steps have to be repeated with the new statement. However proceeding with an inadequate EIS may lead to a successful legal challenge by parties opposed to the action. Once the agency is satisfied with its final draft, it publishes it in the Federal Register. For a routine EIS, this entire procedure may take from 6 to 9 months. Court challenges may tie up the process for a year or longer. After publication of the final draft, the sufficiency of the draft may be challenged in court. The failure to file an EIS when required may also be challenged. This process of judicial review of the EIS has led to criticism by environmentalists. When 8 reviewing the EIS, the court generally operates in an administrative law tradition, which means that the court will not substitute its judgment for the agency39。法院將永遠(yuǎn)禁止活動的理由是，后果太嚴(yán)重。對于常規(guī)的程序而言，這個過程需要 6 到 9 個月。 隨著相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)完成這一草案， CEQ 對這份文件涉及到的問題進(jìn)行審查并提出意見。 CEQ 指出，確定這個影響的定義需要審查行動的范圍和強(qiáng)度。聯(lián)邦政府的活動必須是主要的。立卷一份不必要的 EIS 是在浪費時間和金錢。 CEQ 負(fù)責(zé)收集和分析數(shù)據(jù)，通知總統(tǒng)有關(guān)國家正在進(jìn)行的環(huán)境清理的進(jìn)展情況，并對需要注意和解決的問題通過立法的方式固定下來。 CEQ 的作用是咨詢，主要是提供總統(tǒng)關(guān)于環(huán)境問題的相關(guān)咨詢。 閾值的思考 每次一個聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)開展一項活動，它必須決定是否需要提交一份 EIS。 一個聯(lián)邦活動是否需要 EIS 取決于其他兩個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是否得到滿足。在這些指導(dǎo)方針中， CEQ 試圖更清楚地界定“產(chǎn)生重大影響”的含義是什么。而由于這些初步意見，該草案可能會修改。一旦該機(jī)構(gòu)制定并發(fā)布的草案是受到肯定的，那么該草案將作為最終草案發(fā)表在聯(lián)邦登記冊中。在任何情況下，當(dāng)事人可以爭取的，局限在該機(jī)構(gòu)所列出任何不良后果的聲明中。s. As long as the agency followed the proper procedures and included the requisite elements in the EIS, the court will allow the EIS to stand and the agency action to court. Under no circumstances can a party contest the weight given by the agency to any adverse consequences listed in the statement. The court will never forbid an action on the grounds that the consequences are too severe. 9 指 導(dǎo) 老 師 評 語 簽名： 年 月 日