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valve surgery and bypass robot has in the area, caused a great sensation, but also, AESOP39。機(jī)器人有三個(gè)發(fā)展階段,那么也就是說,我們習(xí)慣于把機(jī)器人分成三類,一種是第一代機(jī)器人,那么也叫示教再現(xiàn)型機(jī)器人,它是通過一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī),來控制一個(gè)多自由度的一個(gè)機(jī)械,通過示教存儲程序和信息,工作時(shí)把信息讀取出來,然后發(fā)出指令,這樣的話機(jī)器人可以重復(fù)的根據(jù)人當(dāng)時(shí)示教的結(jié)果,再現(xiàn)出這種動作,比方說汽車的點(diǎn)焊機(jī)器人,它只要把這個(gè)點(diǎn)焊的過程示教完以后,它總是重復(fù)這樣一種工作,它對于外界的環(huán)境沒有感知,這個(gè)力操作力的大小,這個(gè)工件存在不存在,焊的好與壞,它并不知道,那么實(shí)際上這種從第一代機(jī)器人,也就存在它這種缺陷,因此,在20世紀(jì)70年代后期,人們開始研究第二代機(jī)器人,叫帶感覺的機(jī)器人,這種帶感覺的機(jī)器人是類似人在某種功能的感覺,比如說力覺、觸覺、滑覺、視覺、聽覺和人進(jìn)行相類比,有了各種各樣的感覺,比方說在機(jī)器人抓一個(gè)物體的時(shí)候,它實(shí)際上力的大小能感覺出來,它能夠通過視覺,能夠去感受和識別它的形狀、大小、顏色。第二類是服務(wù)機(jī)器人,隨著工業(yè)化的發(fā)展,尤其近十年以來,機(jī)器人的發(fā)展的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域在不斷拓寬,目前一個(gè)很重要的特征,大家都知道,機(jī)器人已經(jīng)從制造業(yè)逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向了非制造業(yè)和服務(wù)行業(yè),剛才談的汽車制造屬于是制造業(yè),但服務(wù)行業(yè)包括清潔、加油、救護(hù)、搶險(xiǎn)、救災(zāi)這些等等,都屬于非制造行業(yè)和服務(wù)行業(yè),那么這里邊跟工業(yè)機(jī)器人相比,它有一個(gè)很重要的不同,它主要是一個(gè)移動平臺,它能夠移動、去運(yùn)動,上面有一些手臂進(jìn)行操作,同時(shí)還裝有一些像力覺傳感器和視覺傳感器、超聲測距傳感器等等。機(jī)器人會不會產(chǎn)生飯碗的問題。除了編程以及系統(tǒng)的開停之外,一般來說這些工作可以在無人干預(yù)下完成。一個(gè)機(jī)器人能有3~16軸,自由度一詞總是與機(jī)器人軸數(shù)相關(guān)。機(jī)械手基座通常固定在工作區(qū)域的地基上,有時(shí)基座也可以移動,在這種情況下基座安裝在導(dǎo)軌回軌道上,允許機(jī)械手從一個(gè)位置移到另外一個(gè)位置。執(zhí)行元件或驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)沈陽航空工業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文允許各軸力經(jīng)機(jī)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械能,驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)與機(jī)械傳動鏈相匹配。例如控制器有一個(gè)輸入端,它能標(biāo)識某個(gè)機(jī)加工操作何時(shí)完成??刂破饕灿信c廠內(nèi)各計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行通信的任務(wù),這種通信聯(lián)系使機(jī)器人成為計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造(CAM)系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)組成部分。為了合理地確定采取哪種方法。介質(zhì)即油液:可進(jìn)行無壓縮傳遞和控制,同時(shí)可以潤滑部件,使閥體密封和系統(tǒng)冷卻。企業(yè)為了提高生產(chǎn)率將越來越依靠自動化,這包括遠(yuǎn)程和直接控制生產(chǎn)操作、加工過程和材料處理等。例如 一種用于車輛上的新型動力轉(zhuǎn)向控制裝置一淘汰其他類型的轉(zhuǎn)向動力裝置,該轉(zhuǎn)向部件中包含有人力操縱方向控制閥和分配器。壓縮機(jī)一般有活塞式、葉片式和螺旋式等類型。液體比氣體具有更大的粘性,這會因?yàn)閮?nèi)摩擦而引起更大的壓力和功率損失;另外,由于液壓系統(tǒng)使用的液體要與大氣隔絕,故它們需要特殊的油箱和無泄露系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。目前,由于機(jī)器人的研制和開發(fā)涉及多方面的技術(shù),系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,開發(fā)和研制的成本普遍較高,在某種程度上限制了該項(xiàng)技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用,因此,研制經(jīng)濟(jì)型、實(shí)用化、高可靠性機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)具有廣泛的社會現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和人類知識水平的提高,人們越來越認(rèn)識到污水處理的重要性和迫切性,科學(xué)家和研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)塑料制品在水中是用于污水處理的很有效的污泥菌群的附著體。然而,由于空氣的可壓縮性,使得氣壓系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行組件不可能得到精確的速度控制和位置控制。氣壓系統(tǒng)通??紤]采用大的中央空氣壓縮機(jī)作為一個(gè)無限量的氣源,這類似于電力系統(tǒng)中只要將插頭插入插座邊可獲得電能。另外,只需要輸入很小的扭矩就能產(chǎn)生滿足極其惡劣的工作條件所需的控制力,這對于因操作空間限制而需要小方向盤的場合很重要,這也是減輕司機(jī)疲勞度所必須的。圖131是一個(gè)使飛機(jī)駕駛員升起和落下起落架的液壓系統(tǒng),當(dāng)飛行向某方向移動控制閥,壓力油流入液壓缸的某一腔從而降下起落架。油液貯存和調(diào)節(jié)裝置:用來確保提供足夠質(zhì)量和數(shù)量并冷卻的液體。例如液壓系統(tǒng)在長距離上比機(jī)械系統(tǒng)更能經(jīng)濟(jì)地傳遞動力。給予微處理器的系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行時(shí)要與固態(tài)的存儲裝置相連,這些存儲裝置可以是磁泡,隨機(jī)存儲器、軟盤、磁帶等。接著,控制器給機(jī)床發(fā)出開始加工的信號。機(jī)器人控制器是工作單元的核心。機(jī)械臂使機(jī)械手產(chǎn)生各軸的運(yùn)動。這些連在機(jī)器人手臂末端的附件可使機(jī)器人抬起工件、點(diǎn)焊、刷漆、電弧焊、鉆孔、打毛刺以及根據(jù)機(jī)器人的要求去做各種各樣的工作。這個(gè)基本定義引導(dǎo)出后續(xù)段落的其他定義,從而描繪出一個(gè)完整的機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)。第三篇:機(jī)器人外文翻譯沈陽航空工業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文機(jī) 器 人工業(yè)機(jī)器人是在生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中以提高生產(chǎn)效率的工具,它能做常規(guī)乏味的裝配線工作,或能做那些對于工人來說是危險(xiǎn)的工作,例如,第一代工業(yè)機(jī)器人是用來在 核電站中更換核燃料棒,如果人去做這項(xiàng)工作,將會遭受有害的放射線的輻射。例如,家務(wù)機(jī)器人主要體現(xiàn)在像一些對地毯和地板定期的它能夠進(jìn)行清掃和吸塵,它這個(gè)機(jī)器人很有意思,它有傳感器,它能夠把家具和人能識別出來,它自動的按照一種規(guī)律,能根據(jù)路徑把地面全部的清掃干凈,這也是家務(wù)中一些機(jī)器人的表現(xiàn)。第三代機(jī)器人,也是我們機(jī)器人學(xué)中一個(gè)理想的所追求的最高級的階段,叫智能機(jī)器人,那么只要告訴它做什么,不用告訴它怎么去做,它就能完成運(yùn)動,感知思維和人機(jī)通訊的這種功能和機(jī)能,那么這個(gè)目前的發(fā)展還是相對的只是在局部有這種智能的概念和含義,但真正完整意義的這種智能機(jī)器人實(shí)際上并沒有存在,而只是隨著我們不斷的科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,智能的概念越來越豐富,它內(nèi)涵越來越寬。s movements linked, the doctor hands off, lighting went off, This is very good, a doctor39。在堆垛機(jī)方面,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)看到和世界先進(jìn)國家的差距,總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)找出不足,打破傳統(tǒng)思路,推出具有新的外形和更高性能的堆垛機(jī)。只能通過其他輸送設(shè)備轉(zhuǎn)換巷道,如堆垛機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)車。單立柱堆垛機(jī)的起升結(jié)構(gòu),普遍采用鋼絲繩傳動,由電機(jī)減速機(jī)驅(qū)動卷筒轉(zhuǎn)動,通過鋼絲繩牽引載貨臺沿立拄或起升鋼軌作升降運(yùn)動。方管兼作起升導(dǎo)軌,圓管附加起升導(dǎo)軌 雙立柱堆垛機(jī)的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是強(qiáng)度和 刷性都比較好,并且運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)。堆垛機(jī)做為立體倉庫中最重要的起重運(yùn)輸設(shè)備,也得到了較快的發(fā)展。Or the opposite, take out loans in case the goods to the mouth of roadway, the loading and unloading finish the early 70 s, China began to research the type of machine of roadway when the threedimensional warehouse, according to not plete count, up to now has been built more than three hundred machine as a threedimensional storehouse of the most important lifting transportation equipment, also obtained fast version of the present situation of stacking crane to the current machinery industry standard, the position of the stacking crane classification of supporting mode, use, the method of control, structure, operation such as classified no matter what type of stacking machine, is general by the mobile mechanism, level of lifting mechanism, manifest Taiwan and goods fork institutions, frame and electrical equipment, and other basic the present application of threedimensional warehouse, stacking machine is the most mon in the form of the structure and operation track version of the good way of spider crane structure From the structure form difference at present in the warehouse stacker has a double set on structure and single pillar double pillar post the stacker frame structure by two root made on the beams, and to form a rectangle beam under the form well pipe and tube and be lifting guide rail, pipe additional hoisting guide double pillar stacker the biggest advantage is the strength and the brush sex are quite good, and smooth for lifting height, weight and higher up large speed high level of threedimensional storehouse stacker, many with double pillar structure, double pillar stackers lifting mechanism, widespread use of the chain transmission, by motor reducer drive sprockets rotation, through the chain traction machine parts made on or along the hoisting guide for lifting to the chain transmission used more closed chain or balance by empty asked size limit device, transmission and decorate a positioning single pillar pillar of stacker frame structure by a root of the pillar and used more larger hbeam or welding production, pillar additional weight of the lighter, consume little material, so manufacturing relatively low cost, but the rigid is a bit parts of Taiwan and the goods on the eccentricity of the opposite effect, and walk, the braking force level from the effect, make single pillar stacker in used on have suitable for lifting weight and the running speed of the high level of stacking pillar stackers hoisting structure, the widespread use of the wire rope transmission, by motor reducer drive drum rotating, through the wire rope traction machine parts made on or along the lifting rails for lifting wire rope transmission, transmission and decorate relatively easy, but positioning accuracy is a bit of stacking crane to track the performance Stacker level drive general installation in stacker next beam, through the electricity Machine speed reducer drive wheel rotation, make stacker level concerning the ground driving way most mon use two bearing wheel, and along the laying on the ground track(usually also called to rail) the bottom two groups of level round orbit direction, the top two groups in stacker guide wheel along in orbit(usually also called day rail)operation auxiliary to the running track form difference, t