【正文】 e category is invasion attack ( physical attacks ), this kind of attack to destroy package, and then using the semiconductor test equipment, microscopy and micro positioner, in specialized laboratories spend several hours or even a few weeks to plete. All of the microprobe techniques are invasive attack. Three other methods of noninvasive attacks, attacks on the chip is not physical damage. On some occasions a noninvasive attacks are especially dangerous, but because of the non invasive attack required equipment can usually homemade and upgrade, so very cheap. Most of the non invasion attack the attacker must have a good knowledge of the processor and software knowledge. In contrast, the invasive phenotype of probe attacks do not need too much initial knowledge, and usually used a set of similar technology to the Fu Kuan range of products. 中文 單片微型計(jì)算機(jī)簡(jiǎn)稱單片機(jī)，是典型的嵌入式 微控制器 （ Microcontroller Unit），常用英文字母的縮寫 MCU表示單片機(jī)，它最早是被用在工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域。s or 6039。 早期的單片機(jī)都是 8 位或 4 位的。目前 ，高端的 32 位單片機(jī)主頻 已經(jīng)超過(guò) 300MHz，性能直追 90 年代中期的專用處理器，而普通的型號(hào)出廠價(jià)格跌落至 1 美元，最高端的型號(hào)也只有 10 美元。汽車上一般配備 40 多部單片機(jī)，復(fù)雜的工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)上甚至可能有數(shù)百臺(tái)單片機(jī)在同時(shí)工作！單片機(jī)的數(shù)量不僅遠(yuǎn)超過(guò) PC 機(jī)和其他計(jì)算的總和，甚至比人類的數(shù)量還要多。 它是一種在線式實(shí)時(shí)控制計(jì)算機(jī)，在線式就是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制，需要的是有較強(qiáng)的抗干擾能力，較低的成本，這也是和離線式計(jì)算機(jī)的（比如家用 PC）的主要區(qū)別。不過(guò)，這種電腦，通常是指 個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī) ，簡(jiǎn)稱 PC 機(jī)。各種產(chǎn)品一旦用上了單片機(jī)，就能起到使產(chǎn)品升級(jí)換代的功效，常在產(chǎn)品名稱前冠以形容詞 ——“智能型 ”，如智能型 洗衣機(jī) 等。硬件系統(tǒng)是指構(gòu)成微機(jī)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)體與裝置，通常由運(yùn)算器、控制器、存儲(chǔ)器、輸入接口電路 和輸入設(shè)備、輸出接口電路和輸出設(shè)備等組成。因此，單片機(jī)的學(xué)習(xí)、開發(fā)與應(yīng)用將造就一批計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用與智能化控制的科學(xué)家、工程師。 中的應(yīng)用 單片機(jī)在醫(yī)用設(shè)備中的用途亦相當(dāng)廣泛，例如醫(yī)用呼吸機(jī)，各種分析儀，監(jiān)護(hù)儀，超聲診斷設(shè)備及病床呼叫系統(tǒng)等等。軟件攻擊取得成功的一個(gè)典型事例是對(duì)早期 ATMEL AT89C 系列單片機(jī)的攻擊。時(shí)鐘瞬態(tài)跳變也許會(huì)復(fù)位保護(hù)電路而不會(huì)破壞受保 護(hù)信息。與之相反，侵入型的探針攻擊則不需要太多的初始知識(shí)，而且通?？捎靡徽紫嗨频募夹g(shù)對(duì)付寬范圍的產(chǎn)品。而且隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)和生產(chǎn)的不斷發(fā)展，溫度傳感器的種類還是在不斷增加豐富來(lái)滿足生產(chǎn)生活中的需要。經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)許多應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合原來(lái)就有測(cè)溫控溫儀器，只是隨著對(duì)生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量與生產(chǎn)需要的要求在不斷地提高，以往的那些測(cè)溫控溫的儀器根本不能滿足現(xiàn)在的要求。同時(shí) DS18B20 能提供九位溫度讀 數(shù)，它無(wú)需任何外圍硬件即可方便地構(gòu)成溫度檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。另一部分是電子裝置，它主要完成對(duì)信號(hào)的接收、處理、對(duì)測(cè)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行控制、溫度顯示等功能。未來(lái)主要的研究方向?qū)⑹侨绾螖U(kuò)大它的溫度適用范圍 ,以及智能化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化等方面。隨著生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展 ,新型溫度傳感器還會(huì)不斷出現(xiàn) ,目前 ,國(guó)內(nèi)外通用的溫度傳感器及測(cè)溫儀大致有以下幾種 : 熱膨脹式溫度計(jì)、電阻溫度計(jì)、熱電偶、輻射式測(cè) 溫儀表、石英溫度傳感器測(cè)溫儀。 ~ 修改、完善畢業(yè)論文，并做答辯準(zhǔn)備。 可行性方案分析及方案論述。新一代溫度檢測(cè)元件正在不斷出現(xiàn)和完善化，主要包括以下幾種。儀器本身也趨向小型化，多采用集成度較高的芯片或元件組成電路。而且還要以單片機(jī)為主機(jī)，使溫度傳感器通過(guò)一根口線與單片機(jī)相連接，再加上溫度控制部分和人機(jī)對(duì)話部分來(lái)共同實(shí)現(xiàn)溫度的監(jiān)測(cè)與控制。 1．課題的主要研究的內(nèi)容 這次研究的課題是基于電熱箱單片機(jī)溫度控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，主要是對(duì)電熱箱溫度的顯示、控制及報(bào)警 ，實(shí)現(xiàn)了溫度的實(shí)時(shí)顯示及控制。因此，單片機(jī)溫度測(cè)量則是對(duì)溫度進(jìn)行有效的測(cè)量，并且能夠在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，尤其在電力工程、化工生產(chǎn)、機(jī)械制造、冶金工業(yè)等重要工業(yè)領(lǐng)域中，擔(dān)負(fù)著重要的測(cè)量任務(wù)。因此溫度一詞在生產(chǎn)生活之中出現(xiàn)的頻率日益增多，與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的，溫度控制和測(cè)量也成為了生活生產(chǎn)中頻繁使用的詞語(yǔ)，同時(shí)它們?cè)诟餍懈鳂I(yè)中也發(fā)揮著重要的作用。 （ 4）探針技術(shù) 該技術(shù)是直接暴露芯片內(nèi)部連線，然后觀察、操控、干擾單片機(jī)以達(dá)到攻擊目的。 （ 2） 電子探測(cè)攻擊 該技術(shù)通常以高時(shí)間分辨率來(lái)監(jiān)控處理器在正常操作時(shí)所有電源和接口連接的模擬特性，并通過(guò)監(jiān)控它的電磁輻射特性來(lái)實(shí)施攻擊。如音樂集成單片機(jī)，看似簡(jiǎn)單的功能，微縮在純電子芯片中（有別于磁帶機(jī)的原理），就需要復(fù)雜的類似于計(jì)算機(jī)的原理。采用單片機(jī)控制使得儀器儀表數(shù)字化、智能化、微型化，且功能比起采用電子或 數(shù)字電路 更加強(qiáng)大。 CPU 配上存放程序和數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)器、輸入 /輸出（ Input/Output，簡(jiǎn)稱 I/O）接口電路以及外部設(shè)備即構(gòu)成單片機(jī)的硬件系統(tǒng)。究其原因，可能就卡在產(chǎn)品未使用單片機(jī)或其它 可編程邏輯器件 上。還有一類計(jì)算機(jī)，大多數(shù)人卻不怎么熟悉。通過(guò)不同的程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)不同的功能，尤其是特殊的獨(dú)特的一些功能，這是別的器件需要費(fèi)很大力氣才能做到的，有些則是花大力氣也很難做到的。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)微型的計(jì)算機(jī)，和計(jì)算機(jī)相比，單片機(jī)只缺少了 I/O 設(shè)備。而在作 為掌上電腦和手機(jī)核心處理的高端單片機(jī)甚至可以直接使用專用的 Windows 和 Linux 操作系統(tǒng) 。此后在 8031 上發(fā)展出了 MCS51 系列單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)。 single chip puter can perform all instructions, is the MCU mand system, different kinds of SCM, the mand system is also different. In order to make the puter can automatically acplish a specific task, must put the problem to be solved as a series of instructions ( these instructions must be selected the MCU to the recognition and execution of instruction ), this series of sets of instructions became program, program prestored in has the function of storing parts memory. Memory consists of many storage unit ( minimal storage unit ), like a big building has many rooms, instruction stored in the unit, unit instruction fetch and execution as large buildings in each of the rooms were assigned to only one room, each storage unit must also be assigned to the unique address, the address is known as the address storage unit, such as long as knowing the address storage unit, can be found on the storage unit, which stores instruction can be removed, and then be executed. Programs are executed sequentially, so the program of instruction is a sequence of stored, SCM in the execution of a program to put these instr uctions a remove and execution, there must be a member can track the instruction location, this part is the program counter ( PC contained in CPU ), at the beginning of the program is executed, to the PC assigned to program the first instruction location, and then get a mand to be executed, the PC content will automatically increase, increase the volume of the instruction length is determined, may be 1, 2 or 3, to point to the next instruction address, assurance instructions order of execution. The application of SCM Single chip microputer is posed of the hardware system and software system. Hardware system which is posed of microputer system entity and device, usually by the operator, controller, memory, input interface circuit and input devices, output interface circuit and an output device. The arithmetic unit and the controller is generally done in an integrated chip, referred to as the central processing unit ( Central Processing Unit ), referred to as CPU, is the core part of microputer. CPU with a stored program and data memory, input / output ( Input / Output, I / O ) interface circuit and an external device is posed of singlechip hardware system. The software system is a puter system used by various procedures said, through which people on the microputer control system with microputer for the exchange of information, the puter in accordance with the intention to achieve the predetermined task. The software system and hardware system together form a plete singlechip micro puter system, the two plement each other, are indispensable. Currently microcontroller perated into every aspect of our lives, it39。s 74 series, the CD4000 series to get these pure hardware, the circuit must be a